本文選題：職務(wù)犯罪 + 刑事政策�。� 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：腐敗是世界各國政府和民眾共同的敵人。職務(wù)犯罪作為腐敗現(xiàn)象最嚴重的表現(xiàn)形式,近年來在我國呈現(xiàn)出范圍擴大、案值升高、易發(fā)多發(fā)等特點。嚴峻形勢面前,我國采取了空前嚴厲的態(tài)度,不斷加大打擊力度。刑法作為我國法律體系中最重要的部門法之一,作為查辦和預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪的最后一道防線,其具備的刑罰恐嚇、威懾功能也幾乎在立法、司法和執(zhí)行中發(fā)揮到極致,但控制職務(wù)犯罪的效果并不理想,需要我們從制度的角度進行反思。作為一種有效實現(xiàn)懲罰和預(yù)防犯罪的重要淵源和有效方略,刑事政策在職務(wù)犯罪的控制過程中具有重要意義。一個國家的刑事法律制度實際上就是國家奉行的刑事政策的法律化,其刑法理論的發(fā)展和更替以及理論立場的選擇,無不與刑事政策息息相關(guān)。職務(wù)犯罪的控制效果如何,更是離不開正確的刑事政策的指導(dǎo)�；诖�,本文從現(xiàn)有的刑事政策研究成果出發(fā),采用實證分析法、價值分析、比較分析等方法,對職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策有關(guān)問題進行了研究,提出了具體的改進建議。全文除引言外共分五章,共13萬余字。 第一章是職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策的界定及概述,主要是界定刑事政策、職務(wù)犯罪以及職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策三者的概念,并分析探討職務(wù)犯罪的成因以及成因?qū)嵺`中應(yīng)采取的刑事政策的影響,旨在通過認真研究這些問題,提出本文的論證基礎(chǔ)。在概念的評析方面,通過比較相關(guān)理論學(xué)說,厘清了概念的共同點和差異點,提出了本文主張。同時,從社會因素、個體因素、文化因素和法制因素四個方面,對職務(wù)犯罪的成因進行了歸納分析,認為刑事政策應(yīng)當(dāng)以職務(wù)犯罪的成因為基礎(chǔ)拓寬視野,立體構(gòu)建應(yīng)對措施,強化職務(wù)犯罪處遇措施的教育感化功能。最后,本文提出了關(guān)于職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策的基本立場,即：持續(xù)強化對職務(wù)犯罪“零容忍”理念,適當(dāng)拓寬立法對職務(wù)犯罪的調(diào)整范圍和幅度,充分發(fā)揮職務(wù)犯罪司法政策和執(zhí)行政策的能動作用,有效兼顧刑事政策中的刑法人道思想。 第二章是職務(wù)犯罪的立法政策,主要是探討了職務(wù)犯罪的犯罪化的標(biāo)準,也就是職務(wù)犯罪圈的劃定問題,以及職務(wù)犯罪的刑罰配置正當(dāng)性、影響刑罰配置的因素等問題。在簡要分析刑法需要介入的情形和其他犯罪的設(shè)罪標(biāo)準的基礎(chǔ)上,本章研究提出了對職務(wù)犯罪領(lǐng)域犯罪化的六類促進因素和三類制約因素,認為職務(wù)犯罪領(lǐng)域犯罪圈的擴大有深厚的政治、社會基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實需求,職務(wù)犯罪領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的犯罪化也必然成為我國刑事立法的主流。針對職務(wù)犯罪領(lǐng)域的犯罪圈擴大化趨勢,以賄賂犯罪為例,初步探討這一趨勢對賄賂犯罪立法的影響,提出了筆者的意見建議。在職務(wù)犯罪立法中的刑罰配置研究方面,通過評析報應(yīng)論、功利論、并合論與職務(wù)犯罪刑罰配置的正當(dāng)性問題,提出了筆者的基本立場。同時,立足于行為的社會危害性,本章研究分析了影響職務(wù)犯罪刑罰配置的六類因素,認為職務(wù)犯罪的刑罰配置要以報應(yīng)為基點,以功利為追求,兼顧刑罰的公正與效益。最后,本章提出了對我國職務(wù)犯罪刑罰立法四個方面的調(diào)整建議,即逐步廢除死刑設(shè)置,完善自由刑設(shè)置,完善財產(chǎn)刑設(shè)置,增設(shè)資格刑設(shè)置。 第三章是職務(wù)犯罪的司法政策,主要是對職務(wù)犯罪司法政策的概念、作用,職務(wù)犯罪司法政策的具體內(nèi)容進行了研究。由于職務(wù)犯罪司法政策的內(nèi)容主要體現(xiàn)在職務(wù)犯罪偵查、起訴和審判三個環(huán)節(jié),為方便闡述,本章從工作職責(zé)分工的角度,對人民檢察院、人民法院的職務(wù)犯罪司法政策作了初步梳理,分析提出了人民檢察院的九類職務(wù)犯罪司法政策、人民法院的三類職務(wù)犯罪司法政策,并對其內(nèi)容進行了簡要概況。同時,本章還對我國現(xiàn)有職務(wù)犯罪司法政策進行了簡要評價,認為目前有嚴厲懲處中存在人權(quán)保護不足的偏差、狠抓大要案中存在放縱小案的弊端、堅決慎重過程中存在過于謹慎的誤區(qū)等六個方面的不足和偏差,影響了職務(wù)犯罪司法政策的最終落實效果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了對我國現(xiàn)有職務(wù)犯罪司法政策的改進建議,即懲治犯罪與人權(quán)保障并重,重點反腐與全面反腐并重,鼓勵群眾舉報與強化安全保護并重,整合內(nèi)部資源與強化國際協(xié)作并重,等等。 第四章是職務(wù)犯罪的執(zhí)行政策(行刑政策),主要是探討了職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的概念、內(nèi)容、職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的基本立場、目前我國職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的現(xiàn)狀及簡要評價、對我國職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的調(diào)整建議等內(nèi)容。在職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的具體劃分方面,本章將其確定為職務(wù)犯罪的監(jiān)禁刑執(zhí)行政策、職務(wù)犯罪的社區(qū)矯正執(zhí)行政策和職務(wù)犯罪的死刑執(zhí)行政策,并對其具體內(nèi)容進行了分析。在職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的基本立場方面,通過對刑事執(zhí)行政策的基本立場轉(zhuǎn)換沿革的梳理,提出了對職務(wù)犯罪的執(zhí)行政策應(yīng)選擇分類彈性立場的觀點。在對我國職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的現(xiàn)狀進行簡要評價的同時,本章也對未來職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)行政策的應(yīng)然走向和完善也進行了分析。 第五章是職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策的評估,主要是探討了職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估的內(nèi)容、功能和意義,并對我國職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策的評估現(xiàn)狀及其原因進行了分析,提出了改進我國職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估的具體建議。通過對職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估的內(nèi)容、價值的分析,本章提出了評估工作在提升職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策品質(zhì)等六個方面的積極意義,并進而指出了目前評估工作中存在理論對評估實踐的指導(dǎo)嚴重不足、評估主體存在依附性和單一性、評估標(biāo)準過于注重犯罪控制、評估外部環(huán)境需要進一步改善等現(xiàn)實困難和問題。在梳理問題存在原因的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者依據(jù)自己的理解,提出了改進我國職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估的建議,包括構(gòu)建完善職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估法律制度體系、構(gòu)建完善職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估的標(biāo)準和方法體系、構(gòu)建完善我國職務(wù)犯罪刑事政策評估指標(biāo)體系等等。
[Abstract]:Corruption is the common enemy of the government and the people of all countries in the world. As the most serious form of corruption, the crime of duty is the most serious form of corruption. In recent years, our country has shown a range of expansion, higher values and more frequent occurrence. In the face of the severe situation, our country has taken an unprecedented severe attitude and intensified its efforts. Criminal law is the most important legal system in our country. As one of the most important department laws, as the last line of defense for the investigation and prevention of duty crime, the threat of punishment and the deterrence function are almost the ultimate in the legislation, the judicature and the execution, but the effect of controlling the duty crime is not ideal. It is necessary for us to reflect on the system from the angle of the system. The important origin and the effective strategy of the crime, the criminal policy is of great significance in the control of the duty crime. In fact, the criminal law system of a country is the legalization of the criminal policy pursued by the state. The development and replacement of the criminal law theory and the choice of the theoretical standpoint are closely related to the criminal policy. On the basis of the existing criminal policy research results, this paper, based on the existing criminal policy research results, uses empirical analysis, value analysis, comparative analysis and other methods to study the related issues of the criminal policy of duty crime, and put forward specific suggestions for improvement. The full text is divided into five chapters except the introduction, which is 1. More than 3 thousand words.
The first chapter is the definition and summary of the criminal policy of the duty crime, which mainly defines the concept of the criminal policy, the duty crime and the criminal policy of the duty crime, and analyzes the causes of the duty crime and the influence of the causes on the criminal policy that should be taken in practice. The purpose of this paper is to put forward the basis for argumentation of this article through careful study of these three problems. In the evaluation of the concept, by comparing the relevant theories and theories, it clarifies the common points and differences of the concept, and puts forward the proposition of this article. At the same time, from four aspects of social factors, individual factors, cultural factors and legal factors, the causes of the crime of duty are summarized and analyzed, and the criminal policy should be based on the cause of the duty crime. In the end, the basic position of the criminal policy of duty crime is put forward, that is, to continue to strengthen the concept of "zero tolerance" to the duty crime, to widen the scope and scope of the adjustment of the crime of the duty offense and to give full play to the duty crime department. The dynamic role of legal policy and implementation policy can effectively take into account the humanitarian ideology of criminal law in criminal policy.
The second chapter is the legislative policy of the duty crime, mainly discussing the standard of the criminalization of the duty crime, the delineation of the duty crime circle, the justification of the punishment allocation of the duty crime, the factors affecting the penalty allocation, and so on. On the basis of the brief analysis of the circumstances in which the criminal law needs to intervene and the standards of the crime of other crimes, This chapter puts forward six kinds of promoting factors and three kinds of restrictive factors for the crime in the field of duty crime. It is believed that the expansion of the crime circle in the field of duty crime has a profound political, social foundation and practical needs, and the criminalization in the field of duty crime will inevitably become the mainstream of our criminal legislation. Taking the crime of bribery as an example, this paper preliminarily probes into the influence of this trend on the legislation of bribery crime and puts forward the author's suggestion. In the study of the penalty allocation in the legislation of the duty crime, the author puts forward the basic position of the author by evaluating the theory of retribution, utilitarianism, and the legitimacy of the joint theory and the allocation of the criminal penalty in the duty crime. Based on the social harmfulness of the behavior, this chapter studies and analyzes six kinds of factors affecting the penalty allocation of the duty crime, and thinks that the penalty allocation of the duty crime should be based on the retribution, taking utility as the pursuit, taking into account the justice and benefit of the penalty. Finally, this chapter puts forward the adjustment suggestions on the four aspects of the criminal penalty legislation of the duty crime in our country, that is, gradually The abolition of the death penalty, the improvement of free punishment, the improvement of property punishment and the establishment of qualification penalty.
The third chapter is the judicial policy of the duty crime. It mainly studies the specific content of the judicial policy of the judicial policy of the duty crime, and the specific content of the judicial policy of the duty crime. The contents of the judicial policy of the duty crime are mainly embodied in the investigation of the duty crime, the prosecution and the trial of three rings, for the convenience of elaboration, this chapter is from the angle of division of duty of work. The judicial policy of the people's Procuratorate and the people's Court of the people's court has been preliminarily combed, the judicial policy of the nine types of duty crime and the three kinds of judicial policies of the people's court are analyzed and put forward, and the contents of the judicial policy of the people's court are briefly introduced. At present, we think that there is a deviation from the insufficient protection of human rights in severe punishment, the shortcomings of the minor cases in the big case, and the inadequacy and deviation in six aspects, which are too cautious in the process of prudence, which affect the final implementation effect of the judicial policy of the duty crime. On this basis, the present job is put forward in our country. The suggestions for improving the judicial policy of the affair crime, that is, to punish crime and human rights protection, focus on the emphasis on anti corruption and comprehensive anti-corruption, encourage the masses to report and strengthen the security protection, integrate internal resources and strengthen international cooperation, and so on.
The fourth chapter is the implementation policy of the duty crime (execution Policy). It mainly discusses the concept, the content, the basic position of the implementation policy of the duty crime, the present situation and the brief evaluation of the current policy of executing the duty crime in our country, the suggestions for the adjustment of the implementation policy of the duty crime in our country, and the implementation policy of the duty crime. In this chapter, this chapter defines it as the execution policy of the imprisonment punishment for the duty crime, the implementation policy of the community correction and the execution of the death penalty in the duty crime, and analyzes its specific content. This chapter also puts forward the view that the implementation policy of the duty crime should choose the classified elastic position. At the same time, this chapter also gives a brief evaluation of the status of the implementation policy of the duty crime in China, and also analyses the trend and perfection of the implementation policy of the job crime in the future.
The fifth chapter is the evaluation of the criminal policy of the duty crime. It mainly discusses the content, function and significance of the evaluation of the criminal policy of the duty crime, and analyses the status and reasons of the evaluation of the criminal policy of the duty crime in our country, and puts forward some specific suggestions to improve the evaluation of the criminal policy of the duty crime in our country. The content and value analysis of the assessment, this chapter puts forward the positive significance of the evaluation work in six aspects, such as the promotion of the criminal policy quality of the duty crime, and then points out that the current evaluation work has a serious shortage of guidance for the evaluation practice, the existence of dependence and singleness of the evaluation subject, and the evaluation standard that pays too much attention to the crime control. On the basis of combing the reasons for the problem, the author, on the basis of combing the reasons for the problem, puts forward some suggestions to improve the criminal policy evaluation of the duty crime in China, including the construction of the system of perfecting the legal system of the evaluation of the criminal policy of the duty crime and the construction of the criminal policy evaluation of the job crime. The standard and method system should be set up to perfect our country's criminal policy evaluation index system of job-related crimes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.1
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本文編號：1944692