本文選題：危險(xiǎn)方法 + 公共安全　； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)對(duì)以危險(xiǎn)方法危害公共安全罪的立法沿革、學(xué)理研究、實(shí)踐應(yīng)用等方面的考察,表明我國(guó)對(duì)該罪的立法尚不完善,理論觀點(diǎn)尚未統(tǒng)一,適用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,有“口袋罪”之稱。要準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)定該罪,首先要明確該罪在性質(zhì)上屬于具體的危險(xiǎn)犯,在犯罪構(gòu)成上要同時(shí)具備危險(xiǎn)方法的危險(xiǎn)相當(dāng)性和公共安全的現(xiàn)實(shí)危險(xiǎn)性兩個(gè)核心要件。其中“危險(xiǎn)方法”應(yīng)按照同類解釋的原則加以限定,即要求在性質(zhì)和程度上與放火等危險(xiǎn)的手段行為相當(dāng)�！肮舶踩睉�(yīng)理解為不特定或多數(shù)人的生命、健康安全和公共生活的安全。不特定和多數(shù)人是并列關(guān)系而不是限定關(guān)系,“不特定”包含兩層含義：一是侵犯的對(duì)象和可能造成的后果不特定；二是行為后果有隨時(shí)向其他多數(shù)人轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性。在司法實(shí)踐中,認(rèn)定“危險(xiǎn)方法”和“公共安全”,要堅(jiān)持主客觀相統(tǒng)一的原則,重點(diǎn)考察行為的客觀方面。同時(shí),在準(zhǔn)確把握犯罪構(gòu)成的前提下,厘清犯罪諸多形態(tài)是題中應(yīng)有之義。如果以發(fā)生嚴(yán)重后果為既遂條件,那么刑法第114條規(guī)定的情形就應(yīng)當(dāng)是該罪的未遂狀態(tài)。然而,從罪狀表述及內(nèi)在聯(lián)系看,兩者屬基本犯和結(jié)果加重犯的關(guān)系更具合理性,而在基本犯的框架內(nèi)仍然存在中止、未遂等未完成形態(tài)。實(shí)踐中,要根據(jù)刑法總則的有關(guān)規(guī)定,具體分析危險(xiǎn)方法在具備相當(dāng)性之前的不同發(fā)展階段,以此來(lái)判斷犯罪形態(tài)。該罪在司法實(shí)踐中不斷擴(kuò)大適用的趨勢(shì)使得有必要明確其適用規(guī)則,即從嚴(yán)格解釋犯罪構(gòu)成、立法上的完善和司法上的統(tǒng)一、規(guī)范行使法官自由裁量權(quán)等三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行。在犯罪構(gòu)成方面要堅(jiān)持同類解釋的原則,不能任意擴(kuò)大解釋;在立法方面要不斷完善立法,司法上充分利用司法解釋、案例指導(dǎo)等途徑,加強(qiáng)對(duì)該類案件的指導(dǎo),確保法律統(tǒng)一實(shí)施：在規(guī)范行使法官自由裁量權(quán)方面要通過(guò)提高法官職業(yè)素養(yǎng)、加強(qiáng)內(nèi)外部的監(jiān)督制約等措施保障法官的自由裁量權(quán)依法規(guī)范運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the legislative evolution, theoretical research and practical application of the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods, it is shown that the legislation of this crime is not perfect, the theoretical viewpoint is not unified, and the scope of application is expanding. There is a "pocket crime" said. In order to accurately identify the crime, we must first make it clear that the crime belongs to the specific dangerous crime in nature, and that the constitution of the crime should have two core elements: the risk equivalence of the dangerous method and the realistic danger of the public safety at the same time. The "dangerous method" should be defined according to the principle of the same interpretation, that is, the nature and degree of the requirement is equal to that of the dangerous behavior such as arson. "Public safety" should be understood as the safety of life, health and public life without a specific or majority of people. "not specific" contains two meanings: first, the object of the violation and the possible consequences are not specific; second, the consequences of the behavior have the realistic possibility of transferring to the other majority at any time. In judicial practice, we should adhere to the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity and focus on the objective aspects of behavior in determining "dangerous methods" and "public safety". At the same time, on the premise of accurately grasping the constitution of crime, it is necessary to clarify many forms of crime. If the condition of accomplishment is the occurrence of serious consequences, the situation stipulated in Article 114 of the Criminal Law shall be the attempted state of the crime. However, the relationship between the two crimes is more reasonable from the point of view of the expression and the internal relation of the crime, and within the framework of the basic crime, there are still some unfinished forms, such as suspension, attempt and so on. In practice, according to the relevant provisions of the general principles of criminal law, it is necessary to analyze the different stages of the development of the dangerous methods before they possess the equivalence, so as to judge the form of the crime. The tendency of expanding the application of the crime in judicial practice makes it necessary to clarify its applicable rules, that is, from three aspects: strictly interpreting the constitution of the crime, perfecting the legislation and unifying the judicial system, and normalizing the exercise of the judge's discretion. We should adhere to the principle of the same interpretation in the constitution of crimes and should not expand the interpretation at will. In the legislative aspect, we should constantly improve legislation, make full use of judicial interpretation, guide cases, and strengthen the guidance of this kind of cases. To ensure the uniform implementation of the law: in the aspect of normalizing the exercise of the judge's discretion, we should ensure the judge's discretion to run in accordance with the law by improving the judge's professional quality and strengthening the internal and external supervision and restriction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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