本文選題：洗錢罪 + 犯罪構成要件�。� 參考：《貴州大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 近年來，毒品、走私、貪污等犯罪現象日趨猖獗，隨之而來的是后續(xù)的洗錢行為所帶來的影響逐漸擴大；所以，關于反洗錢的法律越來越受到全社會的關注。洗錢與洗錢罪是兩個不同的概念，只有法律有規(guī)定的洗錢行為才可以構成洗錢罪。洗錢罪可以從主體、主觀方面、客體、客觀方面四個角度來考察。文章主要以我國反洗錢法律為基礎，適當地引用了其他國家的法律與國際公約，說明如何把握洗錢罪。 《中華人民共和國刑法》規(guī)定洗錢罪應“明知”是犯罪所得，但是在司法實踐中，要證明被告人“明知”幾乎是不可能的。間接故意只要求司法機關根據案件事實和證據材料得出行為人對于財產性質是“必須知道的”、“不可能不知道的”結論即可，所以間接故意應該構成洗錢罪。法律規(guī)定了負有反洗錢義務而沒有履行的可以以不作為構成洗錢罪。洗錢罪與窩藏、轉移、收購或者代為銷售贓物罪類似；二者最大的區(qū)別在于后者的行為對象僅限于《刑法》規(guī)定懲治的任何犯罪的違法所得中的贓物，而不包括貨幣資金，而洗錢罪則只包括資金。 如果連續(xù)實施洗錢行為，符合連續(xù)犯的構成特征，可以一罪從重處罰。向司法機關隱瞞上游犯罪所得的行為，構成洗錢罪的同時也可能構成偽證罪；如果洗錢行為已被定罪處罰，因“法律不能對同一行為重復評價”，則只能以洗錢罪定罪處罰，否則以兩罪并罰。犯罪分子實施完上游犯罪后又洗錢的，因為其洗錢的故意是在原有故意基礎上的擴充，對非法所得持積極追求態(tài)度，所以實施洗錢行為是實施一種新的犯罪行為，應以兩罪并罰，否則容易導致罰不當罪。 洗錢罪發(fā)展的新趨勢是跨國洗錢，展開反洗錢的國際合作是非常有必要的。我國目前的反洗錢法律體系仍然有缺陷，需要進一步完善。只有完善的法律才能有效的打擊洗錢犯罪，穩(wěn)定金融秩序，，使社會健康協(xié)調的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, drugs, smuggling, corruption and other criminal phenomena become increasingly rampant, followed by the subsequent money laundering brought by the gradual expansion of the impact; therefore, the anti-money laundering laws are more and more concerned by the whole society. Money laundering and money laundering are two different concepts. The crime of money laundering can be examined from four angles: subject, subjective, object and objective. Based on the anti-money-laundering laws of our country, this paper cites the laws and international conventions of other countries and explains how to grasp the crime of money laundering. The Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China stipulates that the crime of money laundering should be "knowingly" the proceeds of the crime, but in judicial practice, it is almost impossible to prove that the defendant "knew". The indirect intention only requires the judicial organ to draw the conclusion that the perpetrator is "must know" about the nature of the property and "can't be unaware" according to the facts and evidence of the case, so indirect intent should constitute the crime of money laundering. The law stipulates that a crime of money laundering can be constituted by omission without fulfilling the obligation of anti-money laundering. The crime of money laundering is similar to the crime of harbouring, transferring, purchasing or selling stolen goods on behalf of others; the biggest difference between the two is that the object of the latter's conduct is limited to the stolen goods in the illegal proceeds of any crime punishable under the Criminal Law, and does not include monetary funds. The crime of money laundering only includes funds. If money laundering is carried out continuously, it can be punished severely. The concealment of proceeds of predicate offences from the judicial authorities constitutes a crime of money laundering and may also constitute a crime of perjury; if an act of money-laundering has been convicted and punished because "the law cannot repeatedly evaluate the same act", it can only be convicted and punished by the crime of money laundering. Otherwise, both crimes will be punished. After committing the predicate crime, the criminals launder money again, because their intention to launder money is an expansion on the basis of the original intention and a positive attitude towards illegal proceeds. Therefore, to carry out the money laundering act is to carry out a new criminal act. Two crimes should be punished together, otherwise it is easy to lead to punishment not to be punished. The new trend of the crime of money laundering is transnational money laundering, so it is necessary to carry out international cooperation in anti-money laundering. Our country's current anti-money-laundering legal system still has the flaw, needs to be further consummated. Only the perfect law can effectively crack down on the crime of money laundering, stabilize the financial order and make the society develop healthily and harmoniously.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D924.3

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