本文選題：黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織 + 黑社會(huì)組織��； 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：舊中國的黑社會(huì)是與意大利的黑手黨、日本的暴力團(tuán)相齊名的,是擁有最悠久歷史的世界三大黑社會(huì)組織之一。在新中國成立后的幾十年,黑社會(huì)組織在大陸幾近滅絕。但自1980年前后起,黑社會(huì)組織又在大陸死灰復(fù)燃,甚至有愈演愈烈之勢。但是這些組織還不具有黑社會(huì)犯罪的完整特征,但它比一般的集團(tuán)犯罪嚴(yán)重,卻又不及典型的黑社會(huì)犯罪,所以被稱之為“黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織”。 要準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)定黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織,必須先對黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的法律特征進(jìn)行深刻分析。在“組織特征”方面,組織結(jié)構(gòu)上具有穩(wěn)定性、嚴(yán)密性和人數(shù)多的特點(diǎn)。嚴(yán)密性是指其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊密,分工明確,有著嚴(yán)密的紀(jì)律規(guī)則。在實(shí)踐中,只有對與其組織有關(guān)的各種活動(dòng)進(jìn)行串并案,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系。對于“組織紀(jì)律”的認(rèn)定,不需要組織必須具有明確的組織名稱、綱領(lǐng)、章程、活動(dòng)規(guī)約等。在“經(jīng)濟(jì)特征”方面,明確黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的最終目的是追求巨額經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。其獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的方式也是多種多樣的,有暴力如收取保護(hù)費(fèi),也有可能以非法手段經(jīng)營合法生意獲取財(cái)富,這需要我們在司法實(shí)踐中對其形式做出準(zhǔn)確判斷。在“行為特征”方面,認(rèn)定是否為組織犯罪需要具備以下兩個(gè)方面,以組織名義實(shí)施且其目的是為了維護(hù)組織利益。在“非法控制特征”方面,“保護(hù)傘”不再是認(rèn)定黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的必要特征,而是一個(gè)選擇性特征。對于“稱霸一方”的認(rèn)定,其實(shí)現(xiàn)“稱霸一方”的手段有暴力手段以及“保護(hù)傘”的包庇；其范圍也應(yīng)該是具體的區(qū)域或行業(yè)；其結(jié)果應(yīng)該是對一定的區(qū)域和范圍形成了非法控制。 黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織與其他犯罪組織存在一些區(qū)別。與恐怖組織相比,其犯罪目的不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織不具有政治性；其危害程度不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的危害只表現(xiàn)在特定地域范圍內(nèi)；其犯罪手段不同,黑社會(huì)犯罪組織的手段多種多樣,而恐怖組織犯罪手段卻比較單一,通常是暴力；其侵害客體不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織侵害的主要是影響其經(jīng)濟(jì)利益實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體目標(biāo),而恐怖活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)則具有隨意性。與邪教組織相比,其組織性質(zhì)不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織是暴力性集團(tuán),邪教組織是一個(gè)邪惡的宗教組織；其成立目的不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織建立主要是為了獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,進(jìn)行非法控制,邪教組織主要是為了加強(qiáng)對內(nèi)部的控制；其組織結(jié)構(gòu)不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織分工明確；其侵害對象不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織侵害的是一定區(qū)域和行業(yè)內(nèi)的人,而邪教組織侵害的是它的信徒；其手段不同,黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織是主要通過暴力,邪教組織通過殘害心靈的方式。
[Abstract]:The underworld in old China was one of the world's three most famous mafia and violent groups in Italy and Japan. In the decades after the founding of New China, underworld organizations were almost extinct on the mainland. But since 1980 or so, triad organizations in the mainland, and even intensified. However, these organizations do not have the complete characteristics of underworld crime, but they are more serious than ordinary group crimes, but they are not as good as typical underworld crimes, so they are called "underworld organizations". In order to identify the underworld organization accurately, the legal characteristics of the underworld organization must be deeply analyzed. In terms of organizational characteristics, organizational structure is characterized by stability, tightness and large number of people. Tightness refers to its tight internal structure, clear division of labor and strict rules of discipline. In practice, only the various activities related to its organization are linked together to discover its internal connection. There is no need for an organization to have a clear organization name, program, charter, activity protocol, etc. In the aspect of economic characteristics, the ultimate goal of underworld organizations is to pursue huge economic benefits. There are a variety of ways to obtain economic benefits, such as violence, such as collection of protection fees, but also the possibility of illegal means to operate legal business to obtain wealth, which requires us to make an accurate judgment of its form in judicial practice. In the aspect of "behavior characteristics", it is necessary to have the following two aspects to determine whether the organized crime is organized crime, and its purpose is to safeguard the interests of the organization in the name of the organization. In the aspect of "illegal control characteristics", "umbrella" is no longer a necessary feature to identify triad organizations, but a selective feature. For the determination of "hegemony party", the means of realizing "hegemony party" include violent means and protection umbrella, and its scope should also be specific region or industry. The result should be illegal control over certain areas and areas. There are some differences between underworld organizations and other criminal organizations. Compared with terrorist organizations, their criminal purposes are different, the underworld organizations do not have a political nature; their degree of harm is different, the harm of such organizations is only manifested in a specific geographical scope; their criminal means are different. The criminal organizations of the underworld have a variety of means, but the criminal means of the terrorist organizations are relatively simple and usually violent. The main targets that affect the realization of the economic interests of the criminal organizations are the specific targets which affect the realization of their economic interests. The targets of terrorist activities are arbitrary. Compared with the cult organizations, their organizational nature is different, the triad organizations are violent groups, the cult organizations are evil religious organizations, their purpose is different, the triad nature organizations are established mainly to obtain economic benefits. In carrying out illegal control, cult organizations mainly aim to strengthen internal control; their organizational structure is different, and the division of labor between the underworld organizations is clear; and the targets of their aggression are different, and the people in a certain region and industry are attacked by triad organizations. The cults are invading its followers; their means are different. The underworld organizations are mainly through violence, and cult organizations through the way of harming their hearts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D924.3

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