本文選題：環(huán)境污染犯罪 + 立法缺陷��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在給人們帶來福利的同時，也帶來了環(huán)境污染，給生態(tài)和人們生命健康、財產(chǎn)安全造成了巨大損害，利用刑法規(guī)制環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成為世界各國的必然選擇。在中國，刑法同樣對環(huán)境污染行為進(jìn)行了規(guī)制，然而隨著環(huán)境污染狀況的不斷惡化，現(xiàn)行立法表現(xiàn)的越來越力不從心。個中原因當(dāng)然有排污者對經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的瘋狂追逐和行政部門的監(jiān)管不力，但是刑法本身的缺陷卻極大的削弱了其對污染環(huán)境犯罪人的威懾力，導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染犯罪屢罰屢犯。因此本文在分析了學(xué)界的立法完善方案并借鑒其思路的基礎(chǔ)上，，得出了一點構(gòu)想，希冀對提高刑法關(guān)于環(huán)境污染行為的遏制效果有所裨益。 本文共分五個部分： 第一部分，環(huán)境污染犯罪立法現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題。本部分首先介紹了我國環(huán)境污染犯罪的立法現(xiàn)狀，其次以紫金礦業(yè)集團(tuán)環(huán)保違規(guī)的歷史和許多上市企業(yè)的多次環(huán)保違法的情形為例，分析了現(xiàn)行立法存在的問題，如法定刑設(shè)置不合理、罪名體系不完善、刑法條文不夠系統(tǒng)等。 第二部分，學(xué)界完善環(huán)境污染犯罪立法之方案及其評析。本部分首先介紹了學(xué)界針對環(huán)境污染犯罪的立法完善所提出的三種方案，即主張增加危險犯的設(shè)置、采用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則和采取分立罪名的模式，并闡述了各自的理由。其次，筆者對學(xué)界的這三種立法完善方案進(jìn)行了評析，在肯定了學(xué)界為完善刑事立法所作出的努力之后，認(rèn)為不論是主張增加危險犯的設(shè)置、采用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任制，還是主張采用分立罪名的模式，都有不足之處，具體體現(xiàn)在這三種方案均沒有全面考量不同環(huán)境污染情形的各自特征，以及與環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立法和環(huán)境監(jiān)測程序立法進(jìn)行有效銜接。因此在本部分的最后，筆者提出了環(huán)境污染犯罪分級規(guī)制的構(gòu)想。 第三部分，環(huán)境污染犯罪分級規(guī)制之提倡。本部分論述了環(huán)境污染犯罪分級規(guī)制相較于學(xué)界的完善方案的優(yōu)越性所在，即與學(xué)界的三種主張相比，分級規(guī)制更能提高刑法對環(huán)境污染犯罪的遏制效果、更符合罪責(zé)刑相適應(yīng)的刑法原則和便捷司法操作。 第四部分，環(huán)境污染犯罪分級規(guī)制構(gòu)想之設(shè)計。本部分首先闡述了對各種環(huán)境污染行為進(jìn)行分級規(guī)制的思路，即依據(jù)不同污染情形的各自特征，將各種類型的環(huán)境污染行為分成有害級、危險級和無害級三類，對應(yīng)設(shè)置污染環(huán)境罪、違規(guī)處理廢物罪和重大環(huán)境污染事故罪。其次，根據(jù)上述分級規(guī)制的思路，闡述了立法條文上的具體設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:While economic development brings welfare to people, it also brings environmental pollution. It has caused great damage to ecology and people's life and health and property safety. It has become the inevitable choice of all countries to use criminal law to regulate environmental pollution. In China, the criminal law has also regulated environmental pollution behavior, however, with the environmental pollution situation. The current legislation is becoming more and more difficult. Of course, there are reasons why polluters have a crazy pursuit of economic interests and poor supervision of the administrative department, but the defects of the criminal law greatly weaken the deterrent force to the polluters in the polluted environment, and the crime of environmental pollution is repeatedly punished. On the basis of the legislative improvement plan and its ideas, we draw a little idea and hope to improve the criminal law's containment effect on environmental pollution behavior.
This article is divided into five parts:
The first part, the current situation of environmental pollution crime legislation and the existing problems. This part first introduces the legislative status of the environmental pollution crime in our country. Secondly, taking the history of Environmental Violation of the Zijin Mining Group and many cases of environmental protection illegal in the listed enterprises as an example, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the current legislation, such as the unreasonable setting of legal punishment, The crime system is not perfect, the provisions of the criminal law are not systematic, and so on.
The second part, the academic community consummate the scheme and evaluation of the legislation of environmental pollution crime. This part first introduces the three schemes proposed by the academic community to improve the legislation of environmental pollution crime, that is, to increase the setting of dangerous criminals, adopt the principle of strict liability and adopt the mode of dividing the crime, and explain their respective reasons. Secondly, the author The three legislative perfection programs of the academic circles have been evaluated and analyzed. After affirming the efforts made by the academic circles to perfect the criminal legislation, it is considered that whether it is to increase the setting of dangerous offenders, adopt strict liability system, or advocate the adoption of a separate crime model, there are shortcomings, concretely reflected in the lack of comprehensive consideration of the three schemes. In the end of this part, the author puts forward the conception of the classification of environmental pollution crime.
The third part, the promotion of environmental pollution crime classification regulation. This part expounds the superiority of the classification regulation of environmental pollution crime compared with the perfect program of the academic circle, that is, compared with the three ideas of the academic circles, the classification regulation can improve the containment effect of the criminal law to the environmental pollution crime more, and more conforms to the criminal principle and the criminal principle adapted to the crime and punishment. Czechoslovakia's judicial operation.
The fourth part, the design of the concept of environmental pollution crime classification regulation. First, this part expounds the thought of classification regulation of various environmental pollution behaviors, that is, according to the respective characteristics of different pollution situations, various types of environmental pollution behavior are divided into harmful, dangerous and harmless grade three categories, corresponding to the crime of setting pollution environment and illegal places Secondly, according to the idea of the above classification regulation, the concrete design of the legislative provisions is expounded.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.36

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