本文選題：拒不支付勞動報酬 + 勞動者　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：一個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，往往伴隨著城市化。隨之而來的是城市化過程中不可避免的一系列的社會問題。農(nóng)民工用工問題正是其中的一種表現(xiàn)。中國是制造業(yè)大國，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展離不開制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。而制造業(yè)屬于第二產(chǎn)業(yè)，是一種勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。所以，制造業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開勞動力。巨大的勞動力缺口，完備的生活服務(wù)設(shè)施，較高的工資收入水平，像一塊巨大的磁鐵，吸引著廣大農(nóng)村的勞動力。于是，越來越多的農(nóng)民放棄了原有的耕種生活，遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)故土來到城市，成為了新的一族“農(nóng)民工”。本來，農(nóng)民工來到城市，揮汗如雨，用自己的辛勤勞動為社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，同時也可以為自己及家人帶來一筆可觀的收入，過上更為幸福的生活。然而，一些用工者和用工單位卻利用各種理由惡意拖欠他們的工資，少則幾千多則幾萬，短則幾個月多則幾年。工資被拖欠，斷了生活來源的工人們被逼無奈，只好窮盡各種方法來為自己討薪。隨著越來越多的討薪事件出現(xiàn)在公眾的視野，惡意拖欠工資的行為是否應(yīng)該納入刑法的規(guī)制范圍成了學(xué)理界和民眾廣泛關(guān)注和討論的問題。終于，《刑法修正案（八）》給了大家一個交代，懲治惡意欠薪行為有了刑法依據(jù)。然而，在學(xué)術(shù)理論界，對該罪是否應(yīng)該納入刑法規(guī)制和該行為入罪后存在的缺陷的討論卻沒有就此停止。時隔近兩年之后，最高人民法院又出臺了《關(guān)于審理拒不支付勞動報酬刑事案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》(以下簡稱新司法解釋)，使該罪的實施有了具體的操作規(guī)范。隨著該司法解釋的出臺和正式施行，學(xué)者們也把研究和討論的方向轉(zhuǎn)移到了對新司法解釋的解讀和完善上面。 現(xiàn)在，距離新司法解釋的發(fā)布實施，已經(jīng)又過去了一年多。我們可以看到，由于該司法解釋的出臺，拒不支付勞動報酬罪得到了更加有效的實施，全國拒不支付勞動報酬罪的犯罪發(fā)生率顯著降低，各種拒不支付勞動報酬的案件似乎正在漸漸淡出公眾的視線。新司法解釋之所以讓惡意拖欠工資的行為發(fā)生率降低了很多，公安機(jī)關(guān)的相關(guān)立案的案件總量和各級人民法院的審結(jié)案件總量提高了很多，是因為它有著許多讓人無法忽視的優(yōu)點和亮點。新司法解釋從立法理念和立法技術(shù)上都體現(xiàn)了其先進(jìn)性，明確了入罪和出罪的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不僅體現(xiàn)出了我國寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策，更在一定程度上顯示出了法律的靈活性。不可否認(rèn)，新司法解釋看似完美，對存在廣泛爭議和司法實踐操作中存在的一些問題都作出了具體的解釋和界定，但是無論是從學(xué)術(shù)理論層面還是從基層的司法實踐者的反饋來看，這一新入罪的罪名在實際應(yīng)用中仍存在著一些大大小小的問題或者缺憾。通過前期資料收集和對本罪在國外的立法情況、國內(nèi)現(xiàn)實中的實施情況的匯總分析，結(jié)合有關(guān)專家學(xué)者的研究討論成果，運用對比研究和綜合研究的方法，提出了新司法解釋中仍然存在著諸如勞動者的范圍和勞動報酬的內(nèi)涵仍然不夠明晰，對有能力支付中的“有能力”沒有界定，認(rèn)定數(shù)額較大的時間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該是累加還是連續(xù)，政府有關(guān)部門中的“有關(guān)部門”規(guī)定模糊，政府的責(zé)令形式過于單一等共計十一項的缺陷或不足。本文遵循了先認(rèn)識后分析然后找不足最后進(jìn)行改善的研究原則，首先對本罪作了細(xì)致的梳理與分析，然后提出了現(xiàn)存的不足，最后給出了較為詳盡的完善建議，以期起到拋磚引玉的作用，為更好的保護(hù)勞動者的合法權(quán)益貢獻(xiàn)一份力量。
[Abstract]:One of the country's economic development, often accompanied by the city. There is a series of social problems are inevitable in the process of city. The employment problems of migrant workers is one performance. Chinese is a big manufacturing country, the development of Chinese economy cannot do without manufacturing. The manufacturing industry belongs to the second industry. Is a labor-intensive industry. Therefore, the development of the manufacturing industry cannot do without labor. A huge gap in the labor force, complete living facilities, higher wages, like a huge magnet, attracted a large number of rural labor force. So, more and more farmers to abandon the original life of farming. Back away from his hometown to the city, has become a new family of "migrant workers". Originally, migrant workers came to the city, perspiration comes down like raindrops with their own hard work, made a great contribution to the development of society and economy, at the same time Can bring considerable income for themselves and their families, live happier life. However, some employers and employers are using a variety of reasons of malicious arrears of their wages, a few thousands, tens of thousands, as short as a few months to several years. Wage arrears, broken lives from workers they were forced to, but all ways to please pay for themselves. With more and more Taoxin events appear in the public eye, malicious wage arrears behavior should be included in the scope of criminal law regulation has become the academic circles and the public attention and discuss problems. Finally, "criminal law amendment (eight)" to as a replacement, punishing the malicious acts are criminal law basis. However, in academic circles, the crime should discuss the defects in criminal law and the crime problems did not stop after a lapse of nearly two years. After the Supreme People's Court issued the "on the trial of refusing to pay labor remuneration applicable law in Criminal Cases Interpretation of several issues" (hereinafter referred to as the new judicial interpretation), allows the implementation of the crime with specific practices. With the introduction of the judicial interpretation and formally implemented, the scholars also study and discuss the direction of transfer to the interpretation of the new judicial interpretation and improve it.
Now, from the new judicial interpretation promulgated and has been more than a year later. We can see that because of the introduction of the judicial interpretation, the crime of refusing to pay remuneration has been implemented more effectively, the crime of refusing to pay labor remuneration crime rate decreased significantly, all cases of refusing to pay labor remuneration. Seems to gradually fade out of the public eye. The new judicial interpretation of the reason for malicious wage arrears behavior incidence rate is much reduced, the public security organs of the relevant filing cases and the total of the local people's courts concluded the total cases have improved a lot, because it has a lot of people can not ignore the advantages and highlights of the new judicial interpretation are reflected. The advanced ideas from the legislative and legislative technology, the crime and crime of the standard, not only reflects China's criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency, but to a certain extent display The flexibility of law. It is undeniable that the new judicial interpretation of the seemingly perfect dispute and existed in judicial practice some problems have made specific explanation and definition, but whether it is from the academic level or feedback from the grassroots judicial practitioner's point of view, this new crime in practice the application still has some shortcomings. The problems or through preliminary data collection and for this crime in foreign legislation, summary analysis of the implementation of domestic in reality, combined with the study of the relevant experts and scholars to discuss the results, by means of comparative research and comprehensive research, put forward the new judicial interpretation still exist in connotation such as the scope of workers and labor remuneration is still not clear, to have the ability to pay the "ability" is not defined, that a large amount of time should be standard Cumulative or continuous, the relevant government departments in the "relevant departments" vague provisions, or insufficient government order form is too single and a total of eleven defects. This paper follows the analysis principle and find insufficiency finally improved first understanding, first combing and detailed analysis of this crime, and then puts forward the existing insufficient, finally detailed suggestions, in order to play a role, contribution to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of better a force.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

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