本文選題：刑事被害人過錯　切入點：刑事責任　出處：《南京師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：實現(xiàn)法治社會的一個重要手段就是對法律責任進行合理的分配,因而在刑事責任的評價過程中,就不能忽視與犯罪行為人相互動的刑事被害人。在刑事被害人過錯對犯罪人的刑事責任有所影響的情況下,充分關注刑事被害人過錯無疑對司法實踐中確定犯罪人的刑事責任和實現(xiàn)社會的公平正義有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。但我國刑法對于刑事被害人過錯還缺乏足夠的重視,在現(xiàn)行的刑事法律規(guī)范中,沒有對刑事被害人過錯進行明文規(guī)定。在司法實踐中,一般僅將其作為酌定情節(jié)予以考慮,這與刑事被害人過錯應有的法律地位十分不符。 準確界定刑事被害人過錯的含義,正確把握刑事被害人過錯的類型、機能和效力根據(jù),以及合理建構刑事被害人過錯制度是本文研究的重點。全文除引言和結語外,共分五章。 第一章主要分為兩個部分,分別討論了刑事被害人過錯的含義和成立要件。刑事被害人過錯是指刑事被害人故意或者過失實施的,導致犯罪行為對自身侵害的,并因過錯程度影響犯罪人刑事責任的行為。構成刑事被害人過錯必須齊備四個要件即有刑事被害人主體,刑事被害人主觀上具有過錯,刑事被害人客觀上施行了過錯行為,并且過錯行為與犯罪行為兩者之間具備法律上的因果關系。 第二章主要論述了刑事被害人過錯的不同類型。根據(jù)刑事被害人過錯程度不同可以劃分為嚴重過錯行為和一般過錯行為；根據(jù)刑事被害人過錯內(nèi)容不同又可以劃分為違法犯罪過錯行為、違反道德過錯行為和違反習慣過錯行為；根據(jù)刑事被害人過錯主觀狀態(tài)不同還可以劃分為無意過錯行為和有意過錯行為。 第三章主要論述了刑事被害人過錯的機能,從準確定罪、公正量刑、限制死刑和預防犯罪這四個方面闡述了刑事被害人過錯的積極作用。 第四章主要探討了刑事被害人過錯的效力根據(jù),分別從理論根據(jù)和法律根據(jù)兩方面進行闡述。理論根據(jù)上,文章主要對責任分擔理論、應受譴責性降低理論和期待可能性理論三大理論進行闡述評析。法律根據(jù)上,則從域內(nèi)域外的立法經(jīng)驗進行整理分析。 第五章主要是筆者關于刑事被害人過錯制度化的一些設想。本章筆者試圖從實體法和程序法兩個層面上提出了自己的一些建議以求建構和完善我國的刑事被害人過錯制度。
[Abstract]:One of the important means to realize the rule of law society is to distribute the legal responsibility reasonably, so in the process of evaluating the criminal liability, the criminal victims who interact with the perpetrators can not be ignored.Under the circumstances that the fault of the criminal victim has influence on the criminal liability of the criminal, it is undoubtedly of practical significance to pay full attention to the fault of the criminal victim to determine the criminal responsibility of the criminal in judicial practice and to realize the social fairness and justice.However, the criminal law of our country has not paid enough attention to the fault of the criminal victim, and in the current criminal law norms, there is no explicit regulation on the fault of the criminal victim.In judicial practice, it is generally considered only as a discretionary circumstance, which is very inconsistent with the legal status due to the fault of the criminal victim.It is the focus of this paper to define the meaning of criminal victim's fault, to correctly grasp the type, function and validity of criminal victim's fault, and to construct the criminal victim's fault system reasonably.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is divided into two parts.The fault of criminal victim refers to the behavior that the criminal victim intentionally or negligently carries out, which results in the criminal act infringing upon itself and affects the criminal responsibility of the offender because of the degree of fault.The four elements that constitute the fault of the criminal victim must be complete, that is, the criminal victim has the subject of the criminal victim, the criminal victim has the fault subjectively, and the criminal victim has carried out the fault act objectively.And there is a legal causality between fault and crime.The second chapter mainly discusses the different types of criminal victim fault.According to the different fault degree of criminal victim, it can be divided into serious fault act and general fault act, and according to the different fault content of criminal victim, it can be classified as illegal crime fault act,According to the different subjective state of criminal victim's fault, it can be divided into unintentional fault act and intentional fault act.The third chapter mainly discusses the function of criminal victim fault, from four aspects of accurate conviction, fair sentencing, restriction of death penalty and crime prevention, expounds the positive role of criminal victim fault.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the validity of the criminal victim fault, from the theoretical basis and the legal basis.On the theoretical basis, the article mainly analyzes the theory of responsibility sharing, the theory of reprehensible reduction and the theory of possibility of expectation.On the basis of the law, the legislative experience of the region is analyzed.The fifth chapter is the author's assumption about the institutionalization of the criminal victim's fault.In this chapter, the author tries to put forward some suggestions from two aspects of substantive law and procedural law in order to construct and perfect our criminal victim fault system.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924

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本文編號：1692663