本文選題：環(huán)境犯罪　切入點：犯罪構(gòu)成要件行政從屬性　出處：《中國青年政治學院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：犯罪構(gòu)成要件的行政從屬性指的是這樣一種立法現(xiàn)象:立法者將犯罪構(gòu)成要件中的部分內(nèi)容授權(quán)給行政權(quán)加以填補,只有通過行政法或行政機關(guān)的行政行為才能確定行為人是否該當構(gòu)成要件。因此,環(huán)境犯罪構(gòu)成要件的行政從屬性既是一種立法現(xiàn)象,也是一種環(huán)境刑法的規(guī)范特征。它意味著環(huán)境犯罪通常以違反環(huán)境行政法上的規(guī)定或因為環(huán)境監(jiān)管行政機關(guān)做出的行政行為而使得行為人該當了環(huán)境刑法規(guī)范規(guī)定的構(gòu)成要件。依照“從屬于不同行政行為”的標準區(qū)分,構(gòu)成要件行政從屬性可以分為從屬于行政法、從屬于抽象行政行為以及從屬于具體行政行為三類。環(huán)境犯罪構(gòu)成要件行政從屬性的問題存在于我國《刑法》分則第六章第六節(jié)“破壞環(huán)境資源保護罪”中,即:環(huán)境犯罪構(gòu)成要件的這一性質(zhì)導致了立法機關(guān)將刑事立法中某些要素授權(quán)于行政法規(guī)進行補充規(guī)定的情形。以我國《刑法》第338條為例,司法解釋將該罪的構(gòu)成要件要素授權(quán)部門規(guī)章進行補充,第339條則屬于構(gòu)成要件從屬于行政部門的行政許可行為。這種將填補構(gòu)成要件要素授權(quán)行政機關(guān)行政行為的做法有可能違反罪刑法定原則與刑法明確性原則的要求。首先,由于環(huán)境刑法中存在這樣的立法現(xiàn)象,司法機關(guān)在認定環(huán)境犯罪時可以通過補充環(huán)境犯罪構(gòu)成要件的行政法規(guī)、行政行為之具體內(nèi)容確定環(huán)境犯罪的行為樣態(tài)和要素,進而區(qū)分污染環(huán)境罪與投放危險物質(zhì)罪等其他相關(guān)罪名。另一層面,基于我國刑法中存在的犯罪構(gòu)成要件行政從屬性現(xiàn)象,必要的司法和立法的相關(guān)建議的目的是防止這種立法現(xiàn)象對刑法罪刑法定原則和刑法明確性原則的違背:一是加強刑事立法中授權(quán)行政法規(guī)的明確性,使民眾可以第一時間了解行政法規(guī)的變化對刑事立法內(nèi)容的影響以及可能對公民權(quán)利造成的威脅,嚴格限制對部門規(guī)章的授權(quán)。二是在構(gòu)成要件從屬于行政許可這類行政具體行為時,法院的個案司法審查除了應對行政行為進行形式審查,還應當對行政行為的合法性及合理性進行審查。
[Abstract]:The administrative subordinate attribute of the constitutive elements of a crime refers to such a legislative phenomenon: the legislator authorizes part of the elements of the crime to be filled in by the administrative power. Only through administrative law or administrative action of administrative organs can we determine whether the actor should be considered as the constituent element. Therefore, the administrative subservience of the constitutive elements of environmental crimes is a legislative phenomenon. It means that the environmental crime usually violates the regulations of the environmental administrative law or because of the administrative act of the administrative organ of environmental supervision and makes the actor should be the environmental criminal law norm. According to the criterion of "subordinate to different administrative acts", The administrative attributes of the constituent elements can be divided into subordination to administrative law, It belongs to abstract administrative act and specific administrative act. The problem of administrative subordinate attribute of environmental crime component elements exists in the sixth section of Chapter 6 of the Criminal Law of our country, "the crime of destroying environmental resources protection". That is, the nature of the constitutive elements of environmental crimes leads the legislature to authorize certain elements of criminal legislation to be supplemented by administrative laws and regulations. Take Article 338 of the Criminal Law of China as an example, Judicial interpretation adds the elements of the crime to the rules and regulations of the authorized department, Article 339, on the other hand, belongs to the administrative licensing act that the constituent elements are subordinate to the administrative department. This practice, which will fill in the elements of the constituent elements authorizing the administrative act of the administrative organ, may violate the principle of legality and the principle of clarity of the criminal law. First of all, Due to the existence of such a legislative phenomenon in the environmental criminal law, the judiciary can determine the behavior patterns and elements of the environmental crime by supplementing the administrative regulations and administrative acts that constitute the elements of the environmental crime. On the other hand, on the other hand, based on the phenomenon of administrative subservience in the criminal law of our country, the elements of constitution of crime exist in the criminal law. The purpose of the necessary judicial and legislative recommendations is to prevent such legislative phenomena from violating the principles of legality and clarity of criminal law: first, to strengthen the clarity of administrative regulations authorized in criminal legislation, To enable the public to understand, for the first time, the impact of changes in administrative regulations on the content of criminal legislation and the possible threat to the rights of citizens, Strictly restricting the delegation of authority to departmental regulations. Second, when the constituent elements are subordinate to such specific administrative acts as administrative licensing, the judicial review of individual cases by the court should, in addition to carrying out a formal examination of administrative acts, We should also examine the legality and rationality of administrative acts.
【學位授予單位】：中國青年政治學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：1652585