本文選題：毒品犯罪　切入點：明知　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著毒品犯罪的蔓延，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院和公安部等部門相繼出臺了一系列規(guī)范毒品犯罪的規(guī)范性文件，對如何認(rèn)定行為人主觀“明知”的方法提供了一些指引和依據(jù)。但是，這并沒有從根本上解決問題。 界定毒品犯罪中“明知”的內(nèi)容是解決“明知”問題的前提。毒品犯罪中“明知”的內(nèi)容主要分為兩個方面，一是事實性的認(rèn)識內(nèi)容；二是違法性的認(rèn)識內(nèi)容。在毒品犯罪中，無論是立法上還是司法實踐中均存在認(rèn)定行為人“明知”的困惑。在立法規(guī)定上，列舉式的規(guī)定已經(jīng)無法滿足司法實踐的需要；在司法實踐中，認(rèn)定方法沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，案件認(rèn)定過度依賴口供等問題也亟待解決，特別是因為毒品犯罪的特殊性造成的證據(jù)單一性、即時性和易破壞性，，更增加了打擊毒品犯罪的難度。 正因如此，司法實務(wù)中一般采用推定來解決這方面的認(rèn)定困難。通過論證運用推定的可行性及作用證明如果無法直接用證據(jù)證明“明知”，則引入推定來認(rèn)定“明知”是現(xiàn)階段的最優(yōu)選擇。但推定畢竟是一種次優(yōu)的認(rèn)定方法，其本身的或然性決定了運用推定有可能會造成冤假錯案。 最后，本文將根據(jù)推定規(guī)則存在的不足，結(jié)合司法實踐的現(xiàn)狀，提出了運用推定應(yīng)適用的五大原則，通過界定事實推定運用的范圍，限制事實推定的隨意性，并建議推廣毒品案件專業(yè)審判庭，加強公檢法間的司法協(xié)作。
[Abstract]:With the spread of drug crimes, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security have successively issued a series of normative documents regulating drug crimes. It provides some guidance and basis on how to identify the subjective "knowing" method of the perpetrator, but it does not fundamentally solve the problem. Defining the content of "knowing" in drug crime is the premise to solve the problem of "knowing". The content of "knowing" in drug crime is divided into two aspects, one is the content of factual cognition; The other is the understanding of illegality. In drug crime, there is the confusion of "knowing" whether in legislation or judicial practice. In legislation, enumeration can not meet the needs of judicial practice; In judicial practice, there is no uniform standard for determining methods, and the problems of excessive reliance on confessions in cases must be solved, especially because of the uniqueness of evidence caused by the particularity of drug crimes, as well as the immediacy and easily destructive nature of the evidence. It has increased the difficulty of cracking down on drug crimes. That's why, In judicial practice, presumption is generally used to solve this problem. If we can not directly prove "knowing" with evidence, then we can use presumption to determine that "knowing" is the current level. But presumption is, after all, a suboptimal identification method. Its probabilistic nature determines that the application of presumption may lead to false and false cases. Finally, according to the deficiency of presumption rules and the present situation of judicial practice, this paper puts forward five principles that should be applied in the application of presumption, and limits the arbitrariness of presumption of fact by defining the scope of application of presumption of fact. It also suggests to promote the specialized court of drug cases and strengthen the judicial cooperation among the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate and the Court.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.36

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