本文關鍵詞： 代替考試罪 犯罪構成 司法認定 犯罪形態(tài)　出處：《河北經貿大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著考試作弊現(xiàn)象尤其是替考的規(guī)�；�、組織化發(fā)展,尤其是近幾年部分地區(qū)的高考出現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模的替考現(xiàn)象的讓人震驚,比如2014年河南高考替考事件、2015年江西高考替考事件等。為更有效的規(guī)制替考行為,此次《刑法修正案(九)》增設了代替考試罪。首先,我國針對考試作弊行為的強制性規(guī)范主要是行政法規(guī)與地方政府規(guī)章,皆收效甚微,主要是行政法規(guī)處罰偏輕,具有的威懾作用有限,替考相關人員在高科技的幫助下與高額的利誘下對強制性規(guī)范視若罔聞,導致替考現(xiàn)象頻發(fā)。其次,刑法的其他罪名只能規(guī)制組織考試作弊、幫助考試作弊等行為,但是相比較而言,刑法對替考行為規(guī)制的缺位卻是近幾年大規(guī)模替考現(xiàn)象產生的重要原因,毋庸置疑,將具有嚴重社會危害性的替考行為納入刑法規(guī)制的范圍,在《刑法》中增設代替考試罪可以對替考者與被替考者等相關替考參與人員產生強大的心理強制力,從而進一步遏制替考行為。面對相關行政法規(guī)與刑事立法對代替考試行為規(guī)制的不足,進一步明確代替考試罪有利于相關刑法與行政法規(guī)分工合作,共同打擊替考作弊行為�！缎谭ㄐ薷陌�(九)》通過之前,學者對替考應否入罪存在不同的觀點,有學者認為在原有法律法規(guī)的框架要能夠解決替考作弊的問題,增設新罪不符合刑法的謙抑性與穩(wěn)定性,但是本文通過對替考行為的危害性等問題進行分析,認為無論從理論還是從實踐角度來考察,為了實現(xiàn)法益保護的前置化,替考行為入罪的必要性毋庸置疑。替考行為正式入罪后,作為一個新的罪名,在理論上有許多問題需要進一步梳理,比如如何在原有的刑事立法的框架下正確適用代替考試罪,解決當下的司法困境;如何解讀代替考試罪的構成要件;怎樣界定罪與非罪、代替考試罪與相關罪名的界限等等。本文將圍繞上述問題進行展開論述。全文共三萬字左右,分為五章。第一章重點闡述了代替考試罪的立法背景與意義,國內外研究現(xiàn)狀,本文的研究方法與創(chuàng)新點,為本文的討論劃定一個相對明確和統(tǒng)一的起點及話語平臺。第二章的主要內容是對增設代替考試罪的合理性性探討,從現(xiàn)實理由與理論依據(jù)兩個方面闡述設立代替考試罪的必要性和意義。第三章是本文的主體部分,對代替考試罪的構成要件進行分析,從代替考試罪的客體、客觀方面、主體、主觀方面對代替考試罪進行界定,以期對代替考試罪做出準確的解讀,使得代替考試罪的適用符合罪刑法定原則,在保護公民自由與權利的前提下最大限度發(fā)揮代替考試罪對替考作弊行為的規(guī)制與震懾作用。第四章主要是對代替考試罪進行司法認定,對代替考試罪與相關考試違紀的關系進行分析,并對代替考試罪與組織考試作弊罪、使用虛假身份證件罪等相似罪名進行區(qū)分,尤其是代替考試罪作為一個新的罪名,需要對相關行為的入罪標準與相關罪名進行準確定位,以更好的對實際中出現(xiàn)的案例進行指導,契合罪刑法定的基本原則,在適用中做到準確定罪與量刑,發(fā)揮立法者增設代替考試罪對打擊考試作弊犯罪的實際作用。第五章主要是對代替考試罪在適用中存在的問題,例如代替考試罪中對犯罪形態(tài)的規(guī)定過于模糊,無法對其在司法中的適用提供明確的指導;該罪對主體的規(guī)定過于狹窄;代替考試罪的量刑存在不合理之處進行探討。從問題出發(fā)有針對性的提出相關完善建議,具體包括三個方面,即明確代替考試罪的各個犯罪形態(tài)的標準,包括犯罪既遂標準、犯罪預備的標準、犯罪未遂的標準、犯罪中止的標準;適當擴大代替考試罪的主體范圍;對代替考試罪的量刑情節(jié)予以明確,例如增加代替考試罪中資格刑的刑罰等。
[Abstract]:With the phenomenon of cheating in examinations especially training scale, organization development, especially in some areas in recent years, the college entrance examination test appeared the phenomenon of large-scale shocking, such as the 2014 Henan entrance take the test event in 2015. Jiangxi entrance take the test event for more effective regulation of impersonation behavior, the "criminal law amendment (nine) > add instead of examination crime. First, according to our country's mandatory norms of cheating in examination is mainly administrative regulations and local government regulations, all have little effect, is the main administrative regulations, lighter punishment, deterrence has limited training related personnel in the help of high technology and high inducements to mandatory standard if the blind lead tikao phenomenon frequently. Secondly, the criminal law regulation of other charges can only help organizations to cheat in the exam, examination cheating behavior, but in comparison, the criminal law on the legal regulation An important reason is the lack of production, in recent years, large-scale training phenomenon undoubtedly, training behavior has serious social harmfulness into the scope of criminal law, the crime of criminal law in the exam instead of adding to the < > ringers and ringers and other related participants take the test to produce powerful mental force, so as to further curb take the test behavior. The face of lack of relevant administrative regulations and criminal legislation to replace examination behavior regulation, to further clarify the examination instead of crime in favor of criminal law and relevant administrative regulations division, to fight for something for teicoplanin cheating amendment of criminal law (nine) > by scholars before, should be convicted of training there are different views, some scholars believe that in the framework of the existing laws and regulations to solve the problem of adding new test cheating, crime does not conform to the suppression and stability of the criminal law, but based on the test line The problem is analyzed, whether from theory or from practice angle, in order to realize the pre protection of legal interests, it is necessary to study the behavior of doubt. Legal convicted, as a new offense, there are many problems need to be further combed in theory, for example how in the framework of the existing criminal legislation under the correct application of the exam instead of sin, to solve the current dilemma of how to interpret the judicial examination; instead of the elements of the crime; how to define crime or crime and related charges, instead of the test line and so on. This paper will discuss the above problems. The full text is about thirty thousand words, divided into five chapter. The first chapter focuses on the background and significance of the examination instead of legislation of the crime of domestic and foreign research present situation, research methods and innovation points of this article, draw a relatively clear and uniform for the discussion in this paper 璧風偣鍙婅瘽璇鉤鍙，

本文編號：1538111