論違憲審查制度的平衡功能
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-14 13:19
【摘要】：憲政是一種異質(zhì)性的存在,不同質(zhì)的各種階層、各個(gè)集團(tuán)、各種價(jià)值取向、各種社會(huì)思潮、各種利益訴求都同時(shí)而獨(dú)立的存在于憲政體系之內(nèi),他們會(huì)不斷發(fā)生沖突。只有憲政各組成部分力量大體均等,才能使沖突各方保持平衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)憲政的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。憲政的平衡要以一定的制度設(shè)置和程序規(guī)則為依托,違憲審查制度則正是這樣的制度設(shè)計(jì)和程序規(guī)則。平衡是違憲審查制度的功能之一。 盧梭在《社會(huì)契約論》中所設(shè)想的保民官是違憲審查機(jī)構(gòu)的歷史雛形,在盧梭看來(lái),保民官作為違憲審查機(jī)構(gòu),其存在的目的是為了維護(hù)政治共同體的平衡,這也是違憲審查制度平衡功能的歷史淵源。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),違憲審查制度要發(fā)揮平衡功能,要求違憲審查權(quán)具有一些特有的權(quán)力屬性,包括獨(dú)立性、與司法權(quán)和立法權(quán)的分離等。此外,違憲審查制度發(fā)揮平衡功能的實(shí)踐原理表現(xiàn)為力量對(duì)比關(guān)系評(píng)估、正當(dāng)程序和效果評(píng)估三部分。 違憲審查制度平衡功能在憲政實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)作表現(xiàn)為它調(diào)控可能發(fā)生沖突的憲政組成部分,并使之達(dá)到平衡,這包括：民主與自由的價(jià)值平衡；國(guó)家權(quán)力橫向和縱向的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡；國(guó)家權(quán)力與公民權(quán)利的平衡。這已在美、法、德、日等國(guó)家的憲政實(shí)踐中得到了證明。 違憲審查制度的平衡功能要在我國(guó)具有實(shí)際意義,必須深刻把握我國(guó)的特殊國(guó)情：在當(dāng)下的中國(guó),憲法在建構(gòu)民主制度時(shí)忽視了自由的價(jià)值指向,因此違憲審查制度應(yīng)更加注重對(duì)自由的保障；我國(guó)的各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)還不具備真正權(quán)威,行政機(jī)關(guān)權(quán)力過(guò)大,司法機(jī)關(guān)不被信任,這要求違憲審查制度的建構(gòu)應(yīng)著眼于塑造人大的權(quán)威；我國(guó)是單一制國(guó)家,中央權(quán)威和地方權(quán)力時(shí)常發(fā)生沖突,本文以香港特區(qū)為例,闡述了違憲審查制度的維護(hù)中央與地方權(quán)力平衡方面的努力；在國(guó)家權(quán)力與公民權(quán)利的關(guān)系方面,中國(guó)存在著明顯的強(qiáng)權(quán)力弱權(quán)利情況,違憲審查制度應(yīng)當(dāng)更加注重保障公民權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:Constitutionalism is the existence of heterogeneity, different classes, groups, value orientations, social trends of thought, various interest demands all exist in the constitutional system at the same time and independent, they will constantly conflict. Only if all components of constitutionalism are equal, can the parties to the conflict keep balance and realize the smooth operation of constitutionalism. The balance of constitutionalism should be based on certain institutional settings and procedural rules, while unconstitutional review system is precisely such institutional design and procedural rules. Balance is one of the functions of unconstitutional review system. In Rousseau's Theory of Social contract, the civil servants are the historical embryonic form of unconstitutional review bodies. In Rousseau's view, the existence of civil servants as unconstitutional review bodies is aimed at maintaining the balance of the political community. This is also the historical origin of the balance function of unconstitutional review system. In modern society, the system of unconstitutional review should play a balanced role and require the power of unconstitutional review to have some special power attributes, including independence, separation from judicial power and legislative power, etc. In addition, the principle of balancing the function of unconstitutional review system is presented in three parts: power contrast evaluation, due process and effect evaluation. The balance function of unconstitutional review system in the practice of constitutionalism shows that it regulates and balances the constitutional components which may occur in conflict, which includes the value balance between democracy and freedom, the horizontal and vertical structural balance of state power, and the balance between democracy and freedom. The balance between state power and civil rights. This has been proved in the constitutional practice of America, France, Germany and Japan. In order to have practical significance in our country, the balance function of unconstitutional review system must be deeply grasped by the special national conditions of our country: in the present China, the constitution neglects the value direction of freedom in the construction of democratic system. Therefore, the unconstitutional review system should pay more attention to the protection of freedom; the people's congresses at all levels in our country do not yet have real authority, the executive organs have too much power, and the judicial organs are not trusted. This requires that the system of unconstitutional review should be constructed with a view to shaping the authority of the people's Congress. China is a unitary country, and the authority of the central authorities and the local authorities often conflict. This paper takes the Hong Kong Special Administrative region as an example. This paper expounds the efforts of the unconstitutional review system to maintain the balance of power between the central and the local authorities, and the obvious situation of the weak power and the weak power in the relation between the state power and the civil rights in China. Unconstitutional review system should pay more attention to the protection of civil rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D921
本文編號(hào)：2270580
[Abstract]:Constitutionalism is the existence of heterogeneity, different classes, groups, value orientations, social trends of thought, various interest demands all exist in the constitutional system at the same time and independent, they will constantly conflict. Only if all components of constitutionalism are equal, can the parties to the conflict keep balance and realize the smooth operation of constitutionalism. The balance of constitutionalism should be based on certain institutional settings and procedural rules, while unconstitutional review system is precisely such institutional design and procedural rules. Balance is one of the functions of unconstitutional review system. In Rousseau's Theory of Social contract, the civil servants are the historical embryonic form of unconstitutional review bodies. In Rousseau's view, the existence of civil servants as unconstitutional review bodies is aimed at maintaining the balance of the political community. This is also the historical origin of the balance function of unconstitutional review system. In modern society, the system of unconstitutional review should play a balanced role and require the power of unconstitutional review to have some special power attributes, including independence, separation from judicial power and legislative power, etc. In addition, the principle of balancing the function of unconstitutional review system is presented in three parts: power contrast evaluation, due process and effect evaluation. The balance function of unconstitutional review system in the practice of constitutionalism shows that it regulates and balances the constitutional components which may occur in conflict, which includes the value balance between democracy and freedom, the horizontal and vertical structural balance of state power, and the balance between democracy and freedom. The balance between state power and civil rights. This has been proved in the constitutional practice of America, France, Germany and Japan. In order to have practical significance in our country, the balance function of unconstitutional review system must be deeply grasped by the special national conditions of our country: in the present China, the constitution neglects the value direction of freedom in the construction of democratic system. Therefore, the unconstitutional review system should pay more attention to the protection of freedom; the people's congresses at all levels in our country do not yet have real authority, the executive organs have too much power, and the judicial organs are not trusted. This requires that the system of unconstitutional review should be constructed with a view to shaping the authority of the people's Congress. China is a unitary country, and the authority of the central authorities and the local authorities often conflict. This paper takes the Hong Kong Special Administrative region as an example. This paper expounds the efforts of the unconstitutional review system to maintain the balance of power between the central and the local authorities, and the obvious situation of the weak power and the weak power in the relation between the state power and the civil rights in China. Unconstitutional review system should pay more attention to the protection of civil rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D921
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 申愛(ài)順;韓國(guó)違憲審查制度對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示[D];延邊大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2270580
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