我國精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療法律制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-29 18:19
【摘要】：精神病是一種使人體丘腦和大腦功能受損的疾病。這種疾病會(huì)影響人的認(rèn)識(shí)能力和控制能力，可能給自己或他人帶來危害。我國有各類精神疾病患者1億多人，其中約有1600萬人是重癥精神病人。這些重癥精神病人如果有潛在或現(xiàn)實(shí)危險(xiǎn)性的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)住院治療。我國精神病患者住院治療實(shí)行自愿原則。但在精神病患者有人身危險(xiǎn)性而又不愿意住院治療時(shí)，國家要建立行政強(qiáng)制治療制度以對(duì)其實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性住院治療。精神病人的行政強(qiáng)制治療，是指精神病患者或其監(jiān)護(hù)人無法履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)的情況下或不同意強(qiáng)制治療的情況下，行政機(jī)關(guān)履行自己的法定職責(zé)，違背精神病人的意志，按照一定的法律程序?qū)⒁呀?jīng)或者可能危及自身或他人的精神病人強(qiáng)制送往精神病治療機(jī)構(gòu)治療的具體行政行為。精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療制度對(duì)于維護(hù)精神病患者人權(quán)方面具有重要價(jià)值。這一制度的理論基礎(chǔ)包括人權(quán)理論、國家親權(quán)理論和國家警察權(quán)理論等三個(gè)方面，該制度的基本原則包括法治原則、比例原則、強(qiáng)制與治療相結(jié)合原則、正當(dāng)法律程序原則和權(quán)利救濟(jì)原則等五個(gè)方面。 我國自上世紀(jì)八十年代開始重視精神病人的強(qiáng)制治療問題，但直到九十年代才提出精神病人的強(qiáng)制治療概念。當(dāng)時(shí)沒有系統(tǒng)的立法規(guī)定，而是由一些地方性法規(guī)規(guī)章或者其他規(guī)范性法律文件進(jìn)行了零散的規(guī)定。2012年頒布的《精神衛(wèi)生法》對(duì)精神病人的治療堅(jiān)持以自愿為原則、以強(qiáng)制治療為例外，從實(shí)體條件、程序設(shè)置、權(quán)利保護(hù)和救濟(jì)手段等方面初步建立起了精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療制度。我國雖然已經(jīng)初步建立起了精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療制度，但這一制度在制度設(shè)計(jì)和制度運(yùn)行中仍然存在突出的問題，精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療的適用條件，精神病標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、人身危險(xiǎn)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和必要性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表達(dá)不科學(xué)；精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療的申請、送醫(yī)、鑒定、決定、治療、出院、后續(xù)治療、救濟(jì)程序設(shè)置、法律責(zé)任的追究機(jī)制等方面存在諸多缺陷。由于制度的瑕疵，，實(shí)踐中精神病人的基本人權(quán)經(jīng)常受到侵害。 完善精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療制度應(yīng)當(dāng)從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：科學(xué)設(shè)置精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療適用的病理性條件、必要性條件和意愿條件；充分保障精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療中自由權(quán)、知情權(quán)、受探視權(quán)、隱私權(quán)和財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)等實(shí)體權(quán)利；健全精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治療的申請、受理、診斷、決定、出院等程序；完善精神病人行政強(qiáng)制治救濟(jì)中的信訪制度、行政復(fù)議制度、行政賠償制度、行政訴訟制度和法律責(zé)任追究機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Psychosis is a disease that impairs the function of the human thalamus and brain. This disease can affect people's ability to understand and control, and may cause harm to themselves or others. There are more than 100 million mental illness patients in China, of which about 16 million are severe mental patients. If these severe mental patients have a potential or real risk, they should be hospitalized in time. The principle of voluntary treatment of psychotic patients in our country is carried out. However, when the mentally ill have personal danger and are unwilling to be admitted to hospital, the state should establish the administrative compulsory treatment system to implement the compulsory hospitalization. Administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients refers to cases where the mentally ill or their guardians are unable to perform their guardianship duties or do not agree to compulsory treatment, and the administrative organs perform their legal duties against the will of the mentally ill. A specific administrative act by which a mentally ill person who has or is likely to endanger himself or another is forcibly transferred to a psychiatric institution for treatment in accordance with certain legal procedures. The administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients is of great value in safeguarding the human rights of mental patients. The theoretical basis of this system includes the theory of human rights, the theory of state parental power and the theory of national police power. The basic principles of this system include the principle of rule of law, the principle of proportion, the principle of combination of compulsion and treatment. Due process principle and right relief principle and so on five aspects. Since 1980s, China has paid more attention to the compulsory treatment of mental patients, but it was not until the 1990s that the concept of compulsory treatment of mental patients was put forward. At that time, there was no systematic legislative provision, but rather scattered provisions by some local regulations, regulations or other normative legal documents. The Mental Health Act of 2012 adhered to the principle of volunteerism in the treatment of mental patients. Taking compulsory treatment as an exception, the administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients has been established from the aspects of entity condition, procedure setting, right protection and relief means and so on. Although our country has initially established the administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients, there are still outstanding problems in the system design and system operation, the applicable conditions of the administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, and the standard of mental illness. The standard of personal danger and the standard of necessity are not scientific; There are many defects in the application of administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, medical referral, identification, decision, treatment, discharge, follow-up treatment, relief procedure setup, legal liability investigation mechanism and so on. Due to the defects of the system, the basic human rights of mental patients are often violated in practice. To perfect the system of administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, we should proceed from the following aspects: scientific setting of pathological conditions, necessary conditions and willing conditions for administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients; To fully protect the substantive rights such as the right to freedom, the right to know, the right to visit, the right to privacy and property rights in the administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients, and to improve the procedures of application, acceptance, diagnosis, decision and discharge from hospital for the administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients; Perfect the system of letters and visits, the system of administrative reconsideration, the system of administrative compensation, the system of administrative litigation and the mechanism of investigating legal responsibility in the remedy of administrative compulsory administration of mental patients.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16;D925.2
本文編號(hào)：2449771
[Abstract]:Psychosis is a disease that impairs the function of the human thalamus and brain. This disease can affect people's ability to understand and control, and may cause harm to themselves or others. There are more than 100 million mental illness patients in China, of which about 16 million are severe mental patients. If these severe mental patients have a potential or real risk, they should be hospitalized in time. The principle of voluntary treatment of psychotic patients in our country is carried out. However, when the mentally ill have personal danger and are unwilling to be admitted to hospital, the state should establish the administrative compulsory treatment system to implement the compulsory hospitalization. Administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients refers to cases where the mentally ill or their guardians are unable to perform their guardianship duties or do not agree to compulsory treatment, and the administrative organs perform their legal duties against the will of the mentally ill. A specific administrative act by which a mentally ill person who has or is likely to endanger himself or another is forcibly transferred to a psychiatric institution for treatment in accordance with certain legal procedures. The administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients is of great value in safeguarding the human rights of mental patients. The theoretical basis of this system includes the theory of human rights, the theory of state parental power and the theory of national police power. The basic principles of this system include the principle of rule of law, the principle of proportion, the principle of combination of compulsion and treatment. Due process principle and right relief principle and so on five aspects. Since 1980s, China has paid more attention to the compulsory treatment of mental patients, but it was not until the 1990s that the concept of compulsory treatment of mental patients was put forward. At that time, there was no systematic legislative provision, but rather scattered provisions by some local regulations, regulations or other normative legal documents. The Mental Health Act of 2012 adhered to the principle of volunteerism in the treatment of mental patients. Taking compulsory treatment as an exception, the administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients has been established from the aspects of entity condition, procedure setting, right protection and relief means and so on. Although our country has initially established the administrative compulsory treatment system for mental patients, there are still outstanding problems in the system design and system operation, the applicable conditions of the administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, and the standard of mental illness. The standard of personal danger and the standard of necessity are not scientific; There are many defects in the application of administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, medical referral, identification, decision, treatment, discharge, follow-up treatment, relief procedure setup, legal liability investigation mechanism and so on. Due to the defects of the system, the basic human rights of mental patients are often violated in practice. To perfect the system of administrative compulsory treatment for mental patients, we should proceed from the following aspects: scientific setting of pathological conditions, necessary conditions and willing conditions for administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients; To fully protect the substantive rights such as the right to freedom, the right to know, the right to visit, the right to privacy and property rights in the administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients, and to improve the procedures of application, acceptance, diagnosis, decision and discharge from hospital for the administrative compulsory treatment of mental patients; Perfect the system of letters and visits, the system of administrative reconsideration, the system of administrative compensation, the system of administrative litigation and the mechanism of investigating legal responsibility in the remedy of administrative compulsory administration of mental patients.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16;D925.2
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