【摘要】：在我國現(xiàn)行司法實(shí)踐中擔(dān)負(fù)起審前未決羈押職能的行政管理部門,主要是作為公安機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)設(shè)行政單位的各級(jí)看守所。與此同時(shí),公安機(jī)關(guān)自身又肩負(fù)著我國絕大部分的刑事偵查職責(zé)及任務(wù)。這勢(shì)必使得看守所的工作職責(zé)在司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)異化,甚至是徹底淪為輔助刑事偵查的有力工具。自然在司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)超期羈押、牢頭獄霸屢禁不絕,未決羈押人非正常死亡事件時(shí)有發(fā)生也就不足為奇了。為更好地響應(yīng)習(xí)近平總書記提出的讓人民群眾在每一個(gè)司法案件中都感受到公平正義,提高司法公信力的宏偉目標(biāo),進(jìn)而適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)下人民群眾對(duì)司法工作提出的新要求。這就亟需對(duì)看守所的現(xiàn)有職責(zé)、工作機(jī)制進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的改革。根據(jù)刑事訴訟法的有關(guān)要求,看守所的職能本應(yīng)是負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行對(duì)未決犯的審前羈押,以及代為執(zhí)行刑期不滿三個(gè)月不便送往監(jiān)獄的已決犯的功能,但在現(xiàn)行司法實(shí)踐中,由于看守所是交由刑事偵查部門的公安機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行管理,公安機(jī)關(guān)充分利用這一優(yōu)勢(shì),將看守所作為自身偵查破案的“犯罪信息庫”和“打擊犯罪的重要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”。由此也帶來了一系列諸如刑訊逼供、超期羈押、牢頭獄霸等現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,在近年也反復(fù)出現(xiàn)被羈押人非正常死亡事件的發(fā)生。而導(dǎo)致上述問題的出現(xiàn),除了因職能定位不清,行政地位從屬于公安機(jī)關(guān)外,還與我國“有罪推定”的刑事司法理念仍占主流,涉及未決羈押的法律法規(guī)不完善,看守所內(nèi)部管理流于形式,對(duì)看守所的外部監(jiān)督渠道單一,被羈押人權(quán)利救濟(jì)手段不到位,來自外部非法律性壓力等各種主、客觀原因共同作用的結(jié)果。而要解決現(xiàn)行司法實(shí)踐中所出現(xiàn)的各種問題,就要先將看守所的職能進(jìn)行重新定位。確定看守所的職能是保障刑事訴訟正常運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上,保護(hù)被羈押人合法權(quán)利不受侵犯及辯護(hù)權(quán)得到有效實(shí)施。這就需要厘清其與刑事偵查部門間的關(guān)系,將其在行政歸屬、人事管理、財(cái)政保障及業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)一并交由相對(duì)中立的司法行政機(jī)關(guān)管理。此外,還要對(duì)涉及看守所中立化的司法環(huán)境進(jìn)行一定程度的變革,如繼續(xù)推進(jìn)普法教育,使全民樹立“無罪推定”法律原則；對(duì)涉及看守所及未決羈押的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)及運(yùn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行合理重構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:In the current judicial practice of our country, the administrative department which takes on the function of pretrial detention is mainly set up as the administrative unit of the public security organs at all levels of detention. At the same time, the public security organs themselves shoulder most of our country's criminal investigation duties and tasks. This will certainly make the duty of detention center appear alienation in judicial practice, and even become a powerful tool to assist criminal investigation. It is not surprising that prolonged detention occurs in judicial practice, that the prison superintendents are repeatedly prohibited, and that the unnatural deaths of pending detainees occur from time to time. In order to better respond to General Secretary Xi Jinping's grand goal of making the people feel fair and just in every judicial case, and to improve the judicial credibility, and then to adapt to the new demands put forward by the people on judicial work under the new situation. It is urgent to reform the existing duty and working mechanism of the detention center. According to the relevant requirements of the Code of Criminal procedure, the functions of the detention centre should be responsible for the execution of pretrial detention of unconvicted offenders, as well as for the execution of the functions of convicted offenders whose sentences are less than three months inconvenient to be sent to prison, but in the current judicial practice, Due to the fact that the detention center is managed by the public security organ of the criminal investigation department, the public security organ makes full use of this advantage and regards the detention center as the "crime information bank" and "the important battlefield" for cracking down on the crime. This has also brought a series of practical problems such as extorting confessions by torture, extended detention, prison hegemony and other practical problems. In recent years, there have been repeated deaths of detainees. The emergence of the above problems, in addition to the unclear function, administrative status subordinate to the public security organs, but also with our "presumption of guilt" criminal justice concept is still the mainstream, involving pending custody of the laws and regulations are not perfect. The internal management of the detention center is just a formality, the external supervision channel of the detention center is single, the right relief means of the detainees are not in place, the external non-legal pressure and other subjective and objective reasons work together. In order to solve all kinds of problems in the current judicial practice, we must reposition the function of the detention center. On the basis of ensuring the normal operation of the criminal procedure, the function of the detention center is to protect the lawful rights of the detainees from being infringed and the right of defense to be effectively implemented. It is necessary to clarify its relationship with the criminal investigation department and hand it over to the relatively neutral judicial administrative organ in the administrative ownership, personnel management, financial security and business guidance. In addition, the judicial environment involving the neutralization of detention facilities should be reformed to a certain extent, such as continuing to promote law popularization education, so that the whole people can establish the legal principle of "presumption of innocence"; This paper reconstructs the relevant laws and regulations and operation mechanism of detention center and pending detention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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