【摘要】：本文對(duì)我國刑事被害人的權(quán)利現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了梳理，發(fā)現(xiàn)了我國刑事被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)體系存在的諸多漏洞。首先，刑事被害人在偵查、審查起訴、審判、執(zhí)行各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中知情權(quán)和參與權(quán)嚴(yán)重不足，地位僅相當(dāng)于證人。第二，他們的民事賠償權(quán)利被全面剝奪，最高人民法院用司法解釋的形式剝奪了侵財(cái)案件被害人提起附帶民事訴訟的權(quán)利、精神遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的被害人索賠精神損害賠償金的權(quán)利、被犯罪傷害致殘或致死的被害人及其遺屬索賠殘疾賠償金、死亡賠償金的權(quán)利。第三，他們實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利的配套機(jī)制不完善。刑事被害人獲得法律援助門檻較高，缺乏獲得法律援助的保障；被害人的代理律師被允許介入刑事訴訟的時(shí)間晚，因此他們較難獲得法律專業(yè)人士的幫助。 因此本文對(duì)造成我國刑事被害人權(quán)利缺失的原因進(jìn)行了分析，借鑒國外立法，提出了改善我國刑事被害人權(quán)利現(xiàn)狀的對(duì)策。首先，賦予刑事被害人完整的訴訟權(quán)利，修改《刑事訴訟法》，完善刑事被害人在偵查、審查起訴、審判、執(zhí)行各個(gè)階段的知情權(quán)和參與權(quán)。第二，完善刑事被害人實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利的配套機(jī)制。修改《法律援助條例》，取消對(duì)特定類型的被害人提供法律援助的門檻。修改《刑事訴訟法》，，允許被害人隨時(shí)委托訴訟代理人。第三，取消相關(guān)司法解釋，恢復(fù)刑事被害人民事賠償方面的權(quán)利�；謴�(fù)侵財(cái)案件被害人提起附帶民事訴訟的權(quán)利、精神遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的被害人索賠精神損害賠償金的權(quán)利、被犯罪傷害致殘或致死的被害人及其遺屬索賠殘疾賠償金、死亡賠償金的權(quán)利。最重要的是，要建立我國的刑事被害人國家補(bǔ)償制度。根據(jù)我國的國情、適當(dāng)借鑒國外的國家補(bǔ)償立法，對(duì)補(bǔ)償對(duì)象、補(bǔ)償范圍、補(bǔ)償金額、補(bǔ)償資金來源、補(bǔ)償程序等分別作出規(guī)定，建立起我國的刑事被害人國家補(bǔ)償制度。
[Abstract]:This paper combs the present situation of the rights of criminal victims in our country, and finds many loopholes in the system of protecting the rights of criminal victims in our country. First of all, the criminal victims in investigation, prosecution, trial, execution of each link in the right to know and the right to participate is seriously inadequate, the status is only equivalent to witnesses. Second, their right to civil compensation has been completely denied. The Supreme people's Court has deprived the victim of a financial invasion case of the right to file an incidental civil action in the form of a judicial interpretation. The right of the victim of serious mental injury to claim compensation for moral damage, the right of the victim and his surviving family to claim compensation for disability and compensation for death caused by criminal injury or death. Third, their realization of the rights of the supporting mechanism is not perfect. Criminal victims have higher barriers to legal aid and lack of protection; their lawyers are allowed to intervene late in criminal proceedings, making it more difficult for them to obtain assistance from legal professionals. Therefore, this paper analyzes the causes of the lack of the rights of criminal victims in our country, draws lessons from foreign legislation, and puts forward some countermeasures to improve the present situation of the rights of criminal victims in our country. First of all, the criminal victims should be given complete procedural rights, the Criminal procedure Law should be amended, and the criminal victims' right to know and participate in the investigation, examination, prosecution, trial and execution of each stage should be improved. Second, perfect the supporting mechanism for the realization of the rights of criminal victims. Amend the legal Aid regulations to remove the threshold of legal aid for specific types of victims. The Criminal procedure Law shall be amended to allow the victim to appoint an agent ad litem at any time. Third, cancel the relevant judicial interpretation and restore the civil compensation rights of criminal victims. "to restore the right of the victim of a pecuniary invasion case to institute incidental civil proceedings, the right of the victim who has suffered serious mental damage to claim compensation for moral damage, and the right of the victim and his survivors to claim compensation for disability compensation caused by the injury or death of the crime," Right to compensation for death The most important thing is to establish a national compensation system for criminal victims in our country. According to the national conditions of our country, we should draw lessons from the foreign national compensation legislation, and set up the national compensation system for criminal victims in our country, which includes the object of compensation, the range of compensation, the amount of compensation, the source of compensation funds, the procedure of compensation and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2395855