論當代刑事冤案產(chǎn)生原因及防控機制的構建
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-15 22:34
【摘要】：2013年1月1日，修訂后的《刑事訴訟法》實施，“尊重和保障人權，罪刑法定、疑罪從無、證據(jù)裁判”等原則逐步走進視野。最高法院于2013年11月21日發(fā)布《關于建立健全防范刑事冤假錯案工作機制的意見》，從五個方面提出27條具體的意見，意圖把好司法的最后關卡，盡量的減少冤假錯案，實現(xiàn)司法公正。2014年3月，最高法院院長周強在“兩會”的工作報告中指出：各級法院依法宣告825名被告人無罪。這個數(shù)字中包括一些被平反的冤案。因此，大量曝光的冤案使我們警醒，雖然說各國的司法史上都少不了錯案的陰影，似乎刑事訴訟的構造必然會引發(fā)冤案的發(fā)生。但是，如果我們認真地審查這些冤假錯案件發(fā)生的原因，就可以為以后的司法實踐中減少冤案的發(fā)生有所裨益。 本文以近年來的冤案案例為基礎，，以刑事訴訟法內(nèi)容和最高法的相關規(guī)定為依據(jù)，著重探討冤案發(fā)生的必然性、我國發(fā)生冤案的特殊性、以及如何預防冤案的發(fā)生，最后文章還對冤案的發(fā)現(xiàn)機制做了一定的反思。力求為以后公檢法三機關的權力運行以及辦案方法的修正提供相應的建議，使刑事司法更進一步。本文主要包括四章內(nèi)容： 第一章為冤案問題的提出。第一節(jié)主要是對本文所研究的刑事冤案進行界定，以及本文所研究的冤案與其他類似的法律概念的區(qū)分。第二節(jié)中主要分析了當代刑事冤案的特點和價值，筆者通過表格的形式分析近年來的經(jīng)典案例，從而得出冤案的特點。第三節(jié)中主要是介紹現(xiàn)行的一些法律法規(guī)是如何防止冤案發(fā)生的。 第二章為冤案發(fā)生的原因探析。第一節(jié)為冤案發(fā)生的必然性。筆者以美國的錯案糾正的統(tǒng)計表格來說明在司法體制較健全的美國也存在大量的冤案，從而得出冤案的發(fā)生有其必然原因。第二節(jié)本文主要論述中國刑事冤案發(fā)生的特殊性，由于發(fā)生冤案的原因較多，筆者在此僅抓住主要原因進行論述。具體包括我國刑事訴訟的構造、審前程序的特點、庭審面臨的困境以及法律的工具性和難以抗拒的外部壓力。第三章為刑事冤案的防控機制。主要是根據(jù)第三章的原因的基礎上，在現(xiàn)有的司法體制的框架內(nèi)進行司法改良。主要包括司法理念的更新、科學界定刑事訴訟的構造、審前階段的權力規(guī)制以及在對抗式庭審下進行角色的重新定位。這樣就將刑事訴訟的整個全過程進行了一次疏通，從案件的立案、偵查、審查起訴、審判等各個環(huán)節(jié)進行環(huán)環(huán)相扣，以現(xiàn)有的司法制度為基礎，循序漸進的改，實事求是的變。最后一節(jié)為冤案發(fā)現(xiàn)機制的再思考。根據(jù)近年來冤案的特點可以看出大部分冤案都是屬于被動的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國沒有專門的發(fā)現(xiàn)機制。主要依靠再審程序將冤案的發(fā)現(xiàn)與審判的權力集中于司法機關，也就導致糾正的不利。因此，筆者對我國的冤案發(fā)現(xiàn)機制提出了一些設想。
[Abstract]:On January 1, 2013, the revised Criminal procedure Law was put into practice, and the principles of "respecting and protecting human rights, legally prescribed for a crime, suspected crime from non-existence, evidence adjudication" came into view step by step. On November 21, 2013, the Supreme Court issued the opinions on establishing and perfecting the working Mechanism for preventing Criminal falsehood and wrongs, which put forward 27 specific opinions from five aspects, with the intention of reducing the number of misdeeds and wrongs as far as possible by putting the final hurdle of good administration of justice at the end. In March 2014, President Zhou Qiang of the Supreme Court stated in a report on the work of the "two sessions" that courts at all levels had acquitted 825 defendants in accordance with the law. This figure includes some wrongs that have been vindicated. Therefore, a large number of misdemeanor cases make us alert, although the judicial history of countries can not be without the shadow of wrong cases, it seems that the structure of criminal proceedings will inevitably lead to the occurrence of wrongs. However, if we carefully examine the causes of these wrongs and wrongs, it will be helpful to reduce the occurrence of grievance in judicial practice in the future. Based on the cases of injustice in recent years, the content of criminal procedure law and the relevant provisions of Supreme Law, this paper focuses on the inevitability of the occurrence of grievance, the particularity of the occurrence of grievance in our country, and how to prevent the occurrence of grievance. Finally, the article also makes a certain reflection on the discovery mechanism of injustice cases. It aims to provide corresponding suggestions for the power operation of the public security bureau, procuratorate and court, and the amendment of the handling method, so as to make the criminal justice further. This paper mainly includes four chapters: the first chapter is the issue of injustice. The first section mainly defines the criminal injustice cases studied in this paper and distinguishes them from other similar legal concepts. The second section mainly analyzes the characteristics and value of the contemporary criminal injustice, the author through the form of table analysis of the classic cases in recent years, so as to obtain the characteristics of the grievance. The third section mainly introduces the existing laws and regulations how to prevent the occurrence of grievance. The second chapter is the analysis of the causes of injustice cases. The first section is the inevitability of injustice. The author uses the statistical table of error correction in the United States to explain that there are a large number of wrongs in the United States, where the judicial system is relatively sound, so as to conclude that there are certain reasons for the occurrence of the wrongs. The second section mainly discusses the particularity of criminal injustice cases in China. It includes the structure of criminal procedure in our country, the characteristics of pretrial procedure, the predicament of trial, the instrumentality of law and the irresistible external pressure. The third chapter is the prevention and control mechanism of criminal injustice. On the basis of the reasons in Chapter 3, judicial improvement is carried out within the framework of the existing judicial system. It mainly includes the renewal of judicial idea, the scientific definition of the structure of criminal procedure, the power regulation in pretrial stage and the role reorientation under the adversarial trial. In this way, the whole process of criminal proceedings has been dredged once, from the case filing, investigation, examination and prosecution, trial and other links to link each other, based on the existing judicial system, gradual and practical changes. The last section is the reconsideration of the mechanism of grievance discovery. According to the characteristics of grievance cases in recent years, we can see that most of them belong to passive discovery, but there is no special discovery mechanism in our country. Mainly relying on the retrial procedure to concentrate the power of discovery and trial on the judicial organ will lead to the disadvantage of redress. Therefore, the author puts forward some tentative ideas on the mechanism of our country's grievance discovery.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
本文編號：2381390
[Abstract]:On January 1, 2013, the revised Criminal procedure Law was put into practice, and the principles of "respecting and protecting human rights, legally prescribed for a crime, suspected crime from non-existence, evidence adjudication" came into view step by step. On November 21, 2013, the Supreme Court issued the opinions on establishing and perfecting the working Mechanism for preventing Criminal falsehood and wrongs, which put forward 27 specific opinions from five aspects, with the intention of reducing the number of misdeeds and wrongs as far as possible by putting the final hurdle of good administration of justice at the end. In March 2014, President Zhou Qiang of the Supreme Court stated in a report on the work of the "two sessions" that courts at all levels had acquitted 825 defendants in accordance with the law. This figure includes some wrongs that have been vindicated. Therefore, a large number of misdemeanor cases make us alert, although the judicial history of countries can not be without the shadow of wrong cases, it seems that the structure of criminal proceedings will inevitably lead to the occurrence of wrongs. However, if we carefully examine the causes of these wrongs and wrongs, it will be helpful to reduce the occurrence of grievance in judicial practice in the future. Based on the cases of injustice in recent years, the content of criminal procedure law and the relevant provisions of Supreme Law, this paper focuses on the inevitability of the occurrence of grievance, the particularity of the occurrence of grievance in our country, and how to prevent the occurrence of grievance. Finally, the article also makes a certain reflection on the discovery mechanism of injustice cases. It aims to provide corresponding suggestions for the power operation of the public security bureau, procuratorate and court, and the amendment of the handling method, so as to make the criminal justice further. This paper mainly includes four chapters: the first chapter is the issue of injustice. The first section mainly defines the criminal injustice cases studied in this paper and distinguishes them from other similar legal concepts. The second section mainly analyzes the characteristics and value of the contemporary criminal injustice, the author through the form of table analysis of the classic cases in recent years, so as to obtain the characteristics of the grievance. The third section mainly introduces the existing laws and regulations how to prevent the occurrence of grievance. The second chapter is the analysis of the causes of injustice cases. The first section is the inevitability of injustice. The author uses the statistical table of error correction in the United States to explain that there are a large number of wrongs in the United States, where the judicial system is relatively sound, so as to conclude that there are certain reasons for the occurrence of the wrongs. The second section mainly discusses the particularity of criminal injustice cases in China. It includes the structure of criminal procedure in our country, the characteristics of pretrial procedure, the predicament of trial, the instrumentality of law and the irresistible external pressure. The third chapter is the prevention and control mechanism of criminal injustice. On the basis of the reasons in Chapter 3, judicial improvement is carried out within the framework of the existing judicial system. It mainly includes the renewal of judicial idea, the scientific definition of the structure of criminal procedure, the power regulation in pretrial stage and the role reorientation under the adversarial trial. In this way, the whole process of criminal proceedings has been dredged once, from the case filing, investigation, examination and prosecution, trial and other links to link each other, based on the existing judicial system, gradual and practical changes. The last section is the reconsideration of the mechanism of grievance discovery. According to the characteristics of grievance cases in recent years, we can see that most of them belong to passive discovery, but there is no special discovery mechanism in our country. Mainly relying on the retrial procedure to concentrate the power of discovery and trial on the judicial organ will lead to the disadvantage of redress. Therefore, the author puts forward some tentative ideas on the mechanism of our country's grievance discovery.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
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