【摘要】：我國1991年的《民事訴訟法》規(guī)定了督促程序,但是在具體實踐中,督促程序的利用率和生效率都很低,不但未能發(fā)揮督促程序應有的訴訟功能,程序空置成為擺設,也使大量民事債權債務糾紛流入普通訴訟程序,造成司法資源分配不合理。2013年新《民事訴訟法》對督促程序的具體程序設置進行了完善：規(guī)定了督促程序的適用范圍,很大程度上增加了督促程序被使用的可能性；明確法院應當審查債務人提出的支付令異議是否成立,最大限度的減少支付令因債務人濫用異議權而失效的可能性；規(guī)定支付令異議成立的,督促程序終結,糾紛自動轉入訴訟程序,解決了督促程序和訴訟程序的銜接問題,充分賦予了債權人處分權。此次對督促程序的修改無疑是我國民事訴訟立法對督促程序實踐困境一次強勁有力的回應,從中可以看出立法者希望我國督促程序走出實踐困境的強烈意愿和建設中國特色社會主義法治國家的迫切需要。本文除第五章結語外共分為四個章節(jié),第一章界定了督促程序的內(nèi)涵,從督促程序的適用范圍、特點、具體流程及設置目的各角度定義督促程序；分析了督促程序的屬性,通過對國內(nèi)學術界三種代表性觀點進行簡單點評,從確立了筆者的觀點一-督促程序是略式訴訟程序,并從非訴程序的特點和督促程序自身特點正反兩個角度論證此觀點；并簡單分析了督促程序設計的法律意義。第二章筆者選取了德國、法國、日本和臺灣等國家和地區(qū)為代表,描述了督促程序在這些國家和地區(qū)的立法概況和適用現(xiàn)狀,并進行優(yōu)缺點對比分析。第三章,筆者對我國督促程序立法狀況和適用現(xiàn)狀進行分析,首先以宏觀的視角對我國整個督促程序立法體系進行評價,接著詳細描述了我國督促程序運作實效現(xiàn)狀,利用率、生效率低下,惡意訴訟潛入。最后筆者分別從督促程序啟動與運轉、外部環(huán)境兩個方面深入剖析了造成督促程序實踐中困境的原因。第四章,筆者針對第三章所分析的督促程序所面臨的困境,在具體規(guī)則實施方面提出對督促程序進行規(guī)制和完善的建議,以期最大程度上發(fā)揮督促程序的優(yōu)勢,優(yōu)化司法資源配置。
[Abstract]:The "Civil procedure Law" of 1991 in our country stipulated the supervision procedure, but in the concrete practice, the utilization rate and the productivity efficiency of the supervision procedure were very low, not only failed to give full play to the lawsuit function due to the supervision procedure, but the procedure was left vacant. It also causes a large number of disputes over civil creditor's rights and debts to flow into ordinary litigation procedures, resulting in unreasonable distribution of judicial resources. In 2013, the new Civil procedure Law has perfected the specific procedure setting of the supervision procedure: it has stipulated the scope of application of the supervision procedure. (B) increased likelihood of the use of supervisory procedures to a large extent; It is clear that the court should examine whether the dissent of payment order put forward by the debtor is established, and minimize the possibility that the payment order will be invalidated by the debtor's abuse of the right of dissent; If the dissent of payment order is established, the supervision procedure ends and the dispute is automatically transferred to the litigation procedure, which solves the problem of the connection between the supervision procedure and the litigation procedure, and gives the creditor the right of disposition. The revision of the supervision procedure is undoubtedly a strong and effective response to the difficulties in the practice of the supervision procedure in China's civil litigation legislation. It can be seen that the legislators hope that our country will urge the procedure out of the practical dilemma and the urgent need to build a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics. In addition to the conclusion of the fifth chapter, this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter defines the content of the supervision procedure, from the perspective of the scope of application, characteristics, specific process and setting purpose of the supervision procedure. This paper analyzes the attributes of the supervision procedure, through a simple review of the three representative views of the domestic academic circles, establishes the author's point of view that the supervision procedure is a slightly litigation procedure. And from the characteristics of non-litigation procedures and supervision procedures of their own characteristics of positive and negative two angles to demonstrate this view; And simply analyzes the legal significance of supervising and urging program design. In the second chapter, the author chooses Germany, France, Japan and Taiwan as the representatives, describes the general situation of legislation and application of the supervision procedure in these countries and regions, and makes a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the legislation status and application status of the supervision procedure in our country. Firstly, the author evaluates the legislation system of the supervision procedure from a macro perspective, and then describes in detail the actual operation and utilization rate of the supervision procedure in our country. Inefficiency, malicious litigation sneaked in. Finally, the author analyzes the causes of the dilemma in the practice of supervision procedure from two aspects: starting and running of supervision procedure and external environment. In the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to regulate and perfect the supervision procedure in the implementation of specific rules in order to give full play to the advantages of the supervision procedure in view of the difficulties faced by the supervision procedure analyzed in the third chapter. Optimize the allocation of judicial resources.
【學位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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