突發(fā)事件中應(yīng)急征用補償制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 11:40
【摘要】：近年來我國突發(fā)事件頻發(fā)，如何增強突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置能力，完善突發(fā)事件中應(yīng)急征用補償?shù)葐栴}亟待研究解決。我國突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急征用類法律規(guī)范規(guī)定還不夠完善，應(yīng)急征用補償沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視。雖然《中華人民共和國突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對法》已正式施行，并提到有關(guān)人民政府及其部門為應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件，可以征用單位和個人的財產(chǎn)。大部分省級地方人大、政府也制定了相應(yīng)的突發(fā)事件地方應(yīng)對條例或?qū)嵤┺k法，較《突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對法》規(guī)定詳細(xì)具體，但操作性仍然不強。在這種背景下，筆者搜集、整理57部應(yīng)急征用類的法律規(guī)范，運用規(guī)范分析方法論證其中存在的問題，并嘗試提出可行的解決方案與完善路徑。 本文主要內(nèi)容分為三個部分： 第一部分，突發(fā)事件中應(yīng)急征用的基本理論。行政征用分為常態(tài)征用和應(yīng)急征用。應(yīng)急征用有別于常態(tài)征用，主要表現(xiàn)在適用條件，時效要求、程序要求以及行政相對人權(quán)利克減的程度。這些不同點使得應(yīng)急征用需遵循特別的要求，如突發(fā)事件發(fā)生，以公共利益為導(dǎo)向等。通過應(yīng)急征用補償，最終實現(xiàn)行政相對人利益和公共利益的平衡，規(guī)范政府應(yīng)急權(quán)力，維護社會穩(wěn)定。 第二部分，突發(fā)事件中應(yīng)急征用補償存在的問題。運用規(guī)范分析方法，分析57部應(yīng)急征用類的法律、法規(guī)以及規(guī)章，論證應(yīng)急征用補償中存在的主要問題。這些問題具體表現(xiàn)在：補償主體不明確，規(guī)定多個補償主體導(dǎo)致責(zé)權(quán)不一致以及缺失補償主體；補償原則與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊，近一半的法律規(guī)范規(guī)定“應(yīng)予補償”、“依有關(guān)規(guī)定補償”等；補償程序規(guī)定缺失，導(dǎo)致應(yīng)急征用隨意性過強，事后補償申請困難；補償資金得不到保障，，地方政府預(yù)算達不到法定要求；行政相對人救濟途徑不完善，救濟途徑有限。 第三部分，完善突發(fā)事件中應(yīng)急征用補償?shù)膶Σ摺Ｖ攸c從制度入手，明確“誰征用，誰補償”原則，解決補償主體的界定；確立“公平”補償原則，補償行政相對人的直接損失；借鑒國外立法經(jīng)驗以及國內(nèi)地方性法規(guī)、規(guī)章，細(xì)化應(yīng)急征用補償程序；在提高地方政府預(yù)算費的同時拓寬籌資渠道，保障補償經(jīng)費；通過行政調(diào)解與司法調(diào)解等途徑，解決應(yīng)急征用補償中的爭議。借助這一系列措施，探索建立科學(xué)合理的應(yīng)急征用補償制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of how to enhance the ability of emergency response and how to perfect the compensation for emergency requisition are urgent to be solved. The law and regulations of emergency requisition in our country are not perfect, and the compensation for emergency requisition has not received due attention. Although the Law on Emergency response of the people's Republic of China has been formally implemented, it is mentioned that the relevant people's governments and their departments may expropriate the property of units and individuals in response to emergencies. Most provincial people's congresses and the government have also formulated the corresponding regulations or implementation measures for local emergency response, which are more detailed and specific than the provisions of the Emergency response Law, but the operation is still not strong. Under this background, the author collects and arranges 57 laws and regulations of emergency requisition, proves the existing problems by normative analysis method, and tries to put forward feasible solutions and perfect ways. The main content of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, the basic theory of emergency requisition. Administrative requisition is divided into normal requisition and emergency requisition. Emergency expropriation is different from normal expropriation, which is mainly manifested in applicable conditions, limitation requirements, procedural requirements and the degree of derogation of administrative counterpart's rights. These differences make emergency requisition subject to special requirements, such as emergencies, public interest oriented and so on. By means of emergency requisition compensation, the balance between the interests of the administrative counterpart and the public interests is finally realized, the government emergency power is standardized, and social stability is maintained. The second part, the emergency requisition compensation in the emergency problems. In this paper, 57 laws, regulations and rules of emergency requisition are analyzed, and the main problems in emergency requisition compensation are demonstrated. These problems are embodied in the following aspects: the compensatory subject is not clear, the stipulation of multiple compensatory subjects leads to the inconsistency of responsibility and power, and the compensation principle and standard are vague, and nearly half of the legal norms stipulate that "compensation shall be compensated". "compensation according to relevant regulations", etc.; the lack of compensation procedures leads to excessive arbitrariness in emergency requisition and difficulty in applying for compensation afterwards; compensation funds are not guaranteed and local government budgets fail to meet the statutory requirements; The administrative counterpart relief way is not perfect, the relief way is limited. The third part, consummates the emergency requisition compensation countermeasure. Starting with the system, we should clarify the principle of "who requisition, who compensate", solve the definition of compensation subject, establish the principle of "fair" compensation, compensate the direct loss of administrative counterpart, draw lessons from foreign legislative experience and domestic local laws and regulations. The procedure of emergency requisition compensation should be refined; while the local government budget fee should be raised, the channels of raising funds should be widened, and the compensation funds should be guaranteed. The disputes in emergency requisition compensation should be resolved through administrative mediation and judicial mediation. With the help of this series of measures, this paper explores the establishment of a scientific and reasonable system of compensation for emergency requisition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1;D925.3
本文編號：2270346
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of how to enhance the ability of emergency response and how to perfect the compensation for emergency requisition are urgent to be solved. The law and regulations of emergency requisition in our country are not perfect, and the compensation for emergency requisition has not received due attention. Although the Law on Emergency response of the people's Republic of China has been formally implemented, it is mentioned that the relevant people's governments and their departments may expropriate the property of units and individuals in response to emergencies. Most provincial people's congresses and the government have also formulated the corresponding regulations or implementation measures for local emergency response, which are more detailed and specific than the provisions of the Emergency response Law, but the operation is still not strong. Under this background, the author collects and arranges 57 laws and regulations of emergency requisition, proves the existing problems by normative analysis method, and tries to put forward feasible solutions and perfect ways. The main content of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, the basic theory of emergency requisition. Administrative requisition is divided into normal requisition and emergency requisition. Emergency expropriation is different from normal expropriation, which is mainly manifested in applicable conditions, limitation requirements, procedural requirements and the degree of derogation of administrative counterpart's rights. These differences make emergency requisition subject to special requirements, such as emergencies, public interest oriented and so on. By means of emergency requisition compensation, the balance between the interests of the administrative counterpart and the public interests is finally realized, the government emergency power is standardized, and social stability is maintained. The second part, the emergency requisition compensation in the emergency problems. In this paper, 57 laws, regulations and rules of emergency requisition are analyzed, and the main problems in emergency requisition compensation are demonstrated. These problems are embodied in the following aspects: the compensatory subject is not clear, the stipulation of multiple compensatory subjects leads to the inconsistency of responsibility and power, and the compensation principle and standard are vague, and nearly half of the legal norms stipulate that "compensation shall be compensated". "compensation according to relevant regulations", etc.; the lack of compensation procedures leads to excessive arbitrariness in emergency requisition and difficulty in applying for compensation afterwards; compensation funds are not guaranteed and local government budgets fail to meet the statutory requirements; The administrative counterpart relief way is not perfect, the relief way is limited. The third part, consummates the emergency requisition compensation countermeasure. Starting with the system, we should clarify the principle of "who requisition, who compensate", solve the definition of compensation subject, establish the principle of "fair" compensation, compensate the direct loss of administrative counterpart, draw lessons from foreign legislative experience and domestic local laws and regulations. The procedure of emergency requisition compensation should be refined; while the local government budget fee should be raised, the channels of raising funds should be widened, and the compensation funds should be guaranteed. The disputes in emergency requisition compensation should be resolved through administrative mediation and judicial mediation. With the help of this series of measures, this paper explores the establishment of a scientific and reasonable system of compensation for emergency requisition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1;D925.3
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本文編號：2270346
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