【摘要】：近年來，經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展，民事沖突不斷，尤其是普通民眾的小額糾紛，甚有越積越累之勢，即使是已解決的糾紛，其滿意度也并不高。而民事訴訟改革也從未間斷，單從解決普通民眾的小額事件，其程序就已有幾個跨越式的發(fā)展，從上世紀九十年代江浙一帶民事速裁程序到試點確定小額速裁程序，再到當今的小額訴訟程序，其已走過將近二十年的歷程。從我國的司法現(xiàn)狀和實踐中的應(yīng)對之策來看，其現(xiàn)實效果是有的，但效果不明顯和持續(xù)時間較短的問題也漸漸顯露出來。本文欲以我國小額程序在理論、制度和實踐中存在的問題，對其從五個方面展開論述，并構(gòu)建起適合法院開展工作的審判模式。 引言部分主要是提出問題。將我國的司法現(xiàn)狀進行了簡要分析，得出我國面臨的司法公正問題，然后就此問題展開對民事司法程序的論述，尤其是基層法院的司法程序現(xiàn)狀，在實踐和制度層面，聚焦公正問題，然后一步步深入探討我國的司法改革的做法，并就其從理論和實踐進行分析，由此得出本文需要研究的立法和實踐的落實問題。 第一部分是考察發(fā)達國家的小額程序。就美國、德國、日本的小額程序進行詳細研究，并針對各國不同的制度規(guī)定，考量其法系背景，進行總結(jié)歸納，以方便我國小額程序在構(gòu)建過程中進行借鑒。 第二部分是研究我國立法上的小額程序。首先，就我國小額程序在立法上的規(guī)定展開論述，其次，由于其分屬簡易程序，也對其與簡易程序的區(qū)別進行了討論，最后，緊承上一部分，，對我國的小額程序與美德日發(fā)達國家的小額程序進行了比較分析，并由此反思了我們可以學習的制度規(guī)定。 第三部分是研究我國實踐中的小額程序。選取了我國北京、上海、浙江幾個經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)，以其小額程序的最新運行情況進行研究，同時對其在具體制度方面進行了異同分析，再結(jié)合具體背景，對其可以予以完善的制度規(guī)定進行了探討性分析。 第四部分是試圖構(gòu)建出完善的小額程序。分別從程序定位、程序運作和制度保障三個方面著手，對小額程序的的運行進行了全方位的設(shè)計，同時回應(yīng)前幾部分提出的理論、制度和實踐問題，并進行一一解答。當然，對于需要實踐論證的問題，此部分也并未躲閃，有予以直視。希望之后的數(shù)據(jù)能進行論證落實。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, civil conflicts, especially the small disputes of ordinary people, have the tendency to accumulate more and more tired, even if the disputes have been resolved, their satisfaction is not high. And the reform of civil litigation has never stopped. From solving the minor incidents of ordinary people alone, its procedures have developed by leaps and bounds, from the civil quick adjudication procedure in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the 1990s to the pilot determination of the small amount quick adjudication procedure. To today's small claims, it has gone through nearly 20 years of the process. From the point of view of the present situation of our country's judicature and the countermeasures in practice, there are some practical effects, but the problems of the effect is not obvious and the duration is short. Based on the problems existing in the theory, system and practice of the small amount procedure in our country, this paper discusses it from five aspects, and constructs a trial model suitable for the work of the court. The introduction is mainly to raise questions. This paper briefly analyzes the current situation of our country's judicature, and finds out the problem of judicial justice faced by our country, and then discusses the civil judicial procedure, especially the present situation of the judicial procedure in the grass-roots courts, in the practical and institutional aspects. Focus on the issue of justice, and then step by step to explore the practice of judicial reform in China, and from the theory and practice of analysis, from which we need to study the legislation and practice of the implementation of the problem. The first part is to investigate the small-scale program in developed countries. This paper makes a detailed study on the small amount program of the United States, Germany and Japan, and considers the background of its legal system in view of the different regulations of each country, so as to make it convenient for our country to use for reference in the construction process of the small amount program. The second part is to study the small amount procedure in legislation of our country. First of all, it discusses the legislative provisions of the small amount program in our country. Secondly, because it belongs to the summary procedure, it also discusses the difference between it and the summary procedure. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the small amount program of our country and that of the developed countries of virtue day, and then reflects on the regulations of the system that we can learn. The third part is to study the small amount program in our country practice. This paper selects several economically developed regions of Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang to study the latest operation of its micro-program, and analyzes its similarities and differences in the specific system, and then combines the specific background. The system regulations which can be perfected are discussed and analyzed. The fourth part is trying to build a perfect small program. Starting from three aspects of program orientation, procedure operation and system guarantee, the author designs the operation of small amount program in all directions, and responds to the theoretical, institutional and practical questions raised in the previous parts, and answers them one by one. Of course, for the need for practical proof of the problem, this part is not evasive, there is a direct look. It is hoped that the following data can be demonstrated and implemented.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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