【摘要】：執(zhí)行是落實(shí)當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的重要階段,外國法院判決的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行是國際民事訴訟程序法的重要組成部分,對跨國民商事關(guān)系人來說具有重要的意義。在當(dāng)今國際社會(huì)強(qiáng)化司法主權(quán)的情況下,一國法院做出的判決在其他國家境內(nèi)并不具有當(dāng)然的法律效力,而僅僅在作出國法院發(fā)生法律效力。隨著國際關(guān)系的密切發(fā)展,民商事關(guān)系在國家之間也越來越密切,更多的外國判決需要得到其他國家的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行,但是各國在司法領(lǐng)域的法律制度、法律觀念以及理論研究存在很大差異,造成了外國判決在其他國家的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行受到很大的阻礙,并且在司法實(shí)踐中也存在很多現(xiàn)實(shí)的障礙,再加上國際民事訴訟本身的復(fù)雜性、跨國性,使得一國作出的涉外民商事判決,并不能順利的在他國得到承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行,當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系不能得到落實(shí),不易于國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。我國承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行外國判決的制度在理論和實(shí)踐方面也存在很多問題,導(dǎo)致外國的判決在我國執(zhí)行受到阻礙,因此該研究對于理論的發(fā)展和實(shí)務(wù)操作有著很大意義。筆者從以下四個(gè)方面對該問題進(jìn)行探析： 首先是對“外國法院判決”中的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行比較分析,對不同國家對相關(guān)概念的不同理解進(jìn)行界定。國際上,不同國家對外國法院的界定、判決的含義、以及判決的限制等問題有著不同的理解,我國對這些問題的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在司法協(xié)助條約中。其次是對承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行外國判決的意義、承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行之間的關(guān)系以及在這一問題國際上普遍的做法進(jìn)行分析,例如承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行的條件與程序等問題。再次主要是對我國在承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行問題上的制度現(xiàn)狀以及司法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行闡述,并從具體案件著手,分析我國受理的部分外國判決承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行的申請案件,對其拒絕或承認(rèn)理由進(jìn)行分析,得出我國司法實(shí)踐中的處理現(xiàn)狀。最后主要是對如何完善我國承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行外國判決制度的探索,以更好地維護(hù)當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益。外國法院判決的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行的相關(guān)規(guī)定,在我國法律制度體系中主要體現(xiàn)在部分司法解釋、《民事訴訟法》以及司法協(xié)助條約中,我國對于該問題的規(guī)定相對比較簡單,因此為了更好地維護(hù)當(dāng)事人利益,有必要健全我國的法律制度。本文主要是結(jié)合我國司法現(xiàn)狀,在分析我國司法實(shí)務(wù)中外國判決的流通情況以及受阻的原因等等基礎(chǔ)上,從加強(qiáng)國際合作、降低部分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、加強(qiáng)相關(guān)程序性審查等方面進(jìn)行完善。 總之,國家之間相互承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行彼此的判決所出現(xiàn)的問題不是一朝一夕能夠解決的,對于實(shí)現(xiàn)理論研究的全球統(tǒng)一以及判決更有效的在各國之間流通的目標(biāo)將會(huì)各國的任務(wù),必將經(jīng)歷很長的過程。
[Abstract]:Enforcement is an important stage in the implementation of the relationship between the rights and obligations of the parties. The recognition and enforcement of judgments of foreign courts is an important part of the international civil procedure law, which is of great significance to transnational civil and commercial relations. Under the circumstance of strengthening the judicial sovereignty of the international community, the judgments made by the courts of one country do not have the legal effect in the territory of other countries, but only have the legal effect in the courts of the countries that make them. With the close development of international relations, civil and commercial relations are becoming closer and closer between countries. More and more foreign judgments need to be recognized and enforced by other countries, but the legal systems of various countries in the judicial field, There are great differences in legal concepts and theoretical studies, which result in great obstacles to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in other countries, and there are also many practical obstacles in judicial practice. In addition, the complexity of the international civil proceedings and the transnational nature make the foreign civil and commercial judgments made by a country can not be recognized and executed smoothly in other countries, and the relationship between the rights and obligations of the parties cannot be implemented. It is not easy to develop international economic relations. There are also many problems in theory and practice in the system of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China, which results in the execution of foreign judgments being hindered in our country. Therefore, this study has great significance for the development of theory and practical operation. The author analyzes this problem from the following four aspects: firstly, it compares and analyzes the related concepts in Foreign Court judgment, and defines the different understandings of the relevant concepts in different countries. Internationally, different countries have different understandings on the definition of foreign courts, the meaning of judgments, and the limitation of judgments, etc. Our country's provisions on these issues are mainly embodied in mutual legal assistance treaties. The second is an analysis of the significance of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, the relationship between recognition and enforcement and the international practice prevailing on this issue, such as the conditions and procedures for recognition and enforcement. Thirdly, it mainly expounds the system status and judicial status quo of our country on the issue of recognition and enforcement, and analyzes some foreign judgment recognition and enforcement application cases accepted by our country from specific cases. By analyzing the reasons of its refusal or recognition, the present situation of judicial practice in our country is obtained. Finally, it explores how to perfect the system of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in order to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. The recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments are mainly reflected in the judicial interpretation, the Civil procedure Law and the mutual legal assistance treaties in the legal system of our country, and the provisions on this issue are relatively simple in our country. Therefore, in order to better safeguard the interests of the parties, it is necessary to improve our legal system. Based on the analysis of the circulation of foreign judgments in China's judicial practice and the reasons for the obstruction, this paper mainly combines the current situation of our country's judicature, and reduces some of the standards from strengthening international cooperation. Strengthen the relevant procedural review and other aspects to improve. In short, the problems arising from mutual recognition and enforcement of each other's judgements among States cannot be solved overnight, and the task of States will be to achieve the goal of global harmonization of theoretical research and more effective circulation of judgements among States, Must go through a long process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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