司法判決如何實現(xiàn)法律效果和社會效果的統(tǒng)一
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 19:28
【摘要】：所謂判決的法律效果,是指在司法實踐中法官具有“法律至上”的司法理念,嚴(yán)格依法對各類案件進行審判,判決于法有據(jù)且判決結(jié)果符合法律的理性、精神和價值,實現(xiàn)了立法者的立法目的,這樣也就有利于維護法律的確定性、統(tǒng)一性和權(quán)威性。所謂判決的社會效果,是指法官通過法律適用,使法律規(guī)范由應(yīng)然變?yōu)閷嵢?判決結(jié)果符合普通民眾的心理預(yù)期和公平公正的觀念,符合社會的主流價值觀和社會整體利益,不僅使當(dāng)事人息訴服判案結(jié)事了,而且得到社會各界和人民群眾的普遍認(rèn)同,對未來的當(dāng)事人甚至整個社會有正面的積極的影響。法律效果和社會效果這二者之間是一對既對立、又統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系。法律所具有的滯后性、抽象性,與社會物質(zhì)生活的變動性、具體性之間所存在的矛盾,是法律效果和社會效果對立的客觀原因。法官照搬法律條文機械地適用法律,以及法官判決無視法律的規(guī)定,是法律效果和社會效果對立的主觀原因。根據(jù)主客觀關(guān)系厘清二者之間的關(guān)系,對于如何去實現(xiàn)二者之間的統(tǒng)一具有重要的理論意義和實踐意義。法律效果和社會效果不僅具有對立的一面,也有統(tǒng)一的一面,即法律效果是社會效果的基礎(chǔ),社會效果是法律效果的目標(biāo),法律效果和社會效果統(tǒng)一于司法實踐。法律解釋是連接立法意圖與司法目的的紐帶,法律解釋方法是實現(xiàn)法律效果和社會效果有機統(tǒng)一的有效方法,是架設(shè)兩者統(tǒng)一的橋梁。法律解釋方法,特別是“目的解釋”和“社會性解釋”的方法,能夠克服法律的僵硬性,使法官對具體個案的判決有法律依據(jù),能保證判決結(jié)果符合法律的理性、精神和價值,以實現(xiàn)立法者的立法目的,契合社會發(fā)展的需要;同時使判決結(jié)果又符合普通民眾的心理預(yù)期和公平公正的觀念,能對未來的當(dāng)事人和社會產(chǎn)生積極的正面的影響,以實現(xiàn)法律效果和社會效果的統(tǒng)一。在司法實踐中,法官遇到一些新型或復(fù)雜疑難的案件時,如果法律規(guī)則適用“不能”,即對于一些特別的案件出現(xiàn)法律空白,或有明確的法律規(guī)則可適用,但適用該規(guī)則明顯不正義即產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的社會效果;這時法官應(yīng)該適用法律原則作為判決的依據(jù),以便能夠使判決既符合法律的精神和價值,又符合普通民眾的心理預(yù)期和正義觀念,以使判決實現(xiàn)法律效果和社會效果的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:The so-called legal effect of judgment means that in judicial practice, judges have the judicial concept of "law first", try all kinds of cases strictly according to law, and the judgment is based on the law and the result is in accordance with the rationality, spirit and value of the law. The legislative purpose of the legislator is realized, which is conducive to maintaining the certainty, unity and authority of the law. The social effect of the judgment means that the judge, through the application of the law, changes the legal norms from what ought to be, and the result of the judgment conforms to the psychological expectations of the ordinary people and the concept of fairness and justice, and conforms to the mainstream values of the society and the overall interests of the society as a whole. It not only makes the litigant settle the case, but also gets the general approval of the society and the people, which has a positive and positive influence on the future litigants and even the whole society. The relationship between legal effect and social effect is both opposite and unified. The contradiction between the lag, abstractness, the change of social material life and the concreteness of law is the objective reason of the opposition between legal effect and social effect. It is the subjective reason that the judge applies the law mechanically by copying the legal provisions and disregards the law by the judge's judgment, which is the subjective reason of the opposition between the legal effect and the social effect. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the relationship between them according to the subjective and objective relations. The legal effect and the social effect not only have the opposite side, but also have the unified side, that is, the legal effect is the foundation of the social effect, the social effect is the goal of the legal effect, and the legal effect and the social effect are unified in the judicial practice. Legal interpretation is the link between legislative intention and judicial purpose. The method of legal interpretation is an effective way to realize the organic unification of legal effect and social effect, and a bridge between them. The method of legal interpretation, especially the method of "purpose interpretation" and "social interpretation", can overcome the rigidity of law, make the judge's judgment in specific cases have legal basis, and ensure that the result of judgment conforms to the rationality, spirit and value of law. In order to realize the legislative purpose of the legislator and meet the needs of the social development, and at the same time to make the judgment result accord with the psychological expectation of the ordinary people and the concept of fairness and justice, it can have a positive and positive impact on the future parties and the society. In order to achieve the unity of legal and social effects. In judicial practice, when a judge encounters some new or complicated and difficult cases, if the rule of law is applied "can't", that is to say, for some special cases, there is a legal gap, or there are clear rules of law that can be applied. However, the application of the rule, which is manifestly unjust, has a negative social effect; at that time, the judge should apply the principles of law as the basis for the decision so that it can be brought into conformity with the spirit and value of the law, It also accords with the common people's psychological expectation and the concept of justice in order to unify the legal effect and the social effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926
本文編號：2175087
[Abstract]:The so-called legal effect of judgment means that in judicial practice, judges have the judicial concept of "law first", try all kinds of cases strictly according to law, and the judgment is based on the law and the result is in accordance with the rationality, spirit and value of the law. The legislative purpose of the legislator is realized, which is conducive to maintaining the certainty, unity and authority of the law. The social effect of the judgment means that the judge, through the application of the law, changes the legal norms from what ought to be, and the result of the judgment conforms to the psychological expectations of the ordinary people and the concept of fairness and justice, and conforms to the mainstream values of the society and the overall interests of the society as a whole. It not only makes the litigant settle the case, but also gets the general approval of the society and the people, which has a positive and positive influence on the future litigants and even the whole society. The relationship between legal effect and social effect is both opposite and unified. The contradiction between the lag, abstractness, the change of social material life and the concreteness of law is the objective reason of the opposition between legal effect and social effect. It is the subjective reason that the judge applies the law mechanically by copying the legal provisions and disregards the law by the judge's judgment, which is the subjective reason of the opposition between the legal effect and the social effect. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the relationship between them according to the subjective and objective relations. The legal effect and the social effect not only have the opposite side, but also have the unified side, that is, the legal effect is the foundation of the social effect, the social effect is the goal of the legal effect, and the legal effect and the social effect are unified in the judicial practice. Legal interpretation is the link between legislative intention and judicial purpose. The method of legal interpretation is an effective way to realize the organic unification of legal effect and social effect, and a bridge between them. The method of legal interpretation, especially the method of "purpose interpretation" and "social interpretation", can overcome the rigidity of law, make the judge's judgment in specific cases have legal basis, and ensure that the result of judgment conforms to the rationality, spirit and value of law. In order to realize the legislative purpose of the legislator and meet the needs of the social development, and at the same time to make the judgment result accord with the psychological expectation of the ordinary people and the concept of fairness and justice, it can have a positive and positive impact on the future parties and the society. In order to achieve the unity of legal and social effects. In judicial practice, when a judge encounters some new or complicated and difficult cases, if the rule of law is applied "can't", that is to say, for some special cases, there is a legal gap, or there are clear rules of law that can be applied. However, the application of the rule, which is manifestly unjust, has a negative social effect; at that time, the judge should apply the principles of law as the basis for the decision so that it can be brought into conformity with the spirit and value of the law, It also accords with the common people's psychological expectation and the concept of justice in order to unify the legal effect and the social effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926
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