【摘要】：未成年人犯罪已經成為社會關注的一個重要問題之一,我們在關注如何懲罰的同時,也將目光放在了保護未成年犯罪人合法權益上。未成年人前科消滅制度被認為是保護未成年犯罪人合法權益的一項重要制度,我國的未成年人前科消滅制度在理論上有較為熱烈的討論,在司法實踐上,2012年新《刑事訴訟法》規(guī)定了未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度,這也是我國在少年司法制度上的一個重要進步,但這與保護未成年人合法權益和幫助他們順利再社會化相去甚遠。筆者通過研究、總結國內外相關的資料與法律,對未成年人前科制度提出了自己的一些見解。本文第一部分首先對從前科的概念與性質上著手,通過對前科后遺效應的分析,對未成年人前科概念進行界定,將違法記錄納入前科概念內,提出“大前科”概念;第二部分對未成年人前科的“消滅”與“封存”兩種制度進行論述,通過對未成年人前科消滅制度簡要的理論歸納,對其合理性和弊端進行論證,得出完全消滅前科存在著一定弊端的結論,而后對犯罪記錄封存制度的利弊進行探討。在第三部分,筆者通過對未成年人消滅制度與封存制度的辯證論證,提出未成年人前科消滅制度二元化構建理論,即以未成年人前科消滅為原則、特定罪名封存為例外,并行未成年人前科消滅和封存制度思路;而后針對具體制度構建,筆者從未成年人前科消滅制度和封存制度兩個方面,分別對適用條件、適用程序、適用后果等方面提出了構建思路,以期對未成年人前科消滅理論的豐富與司法實踐的進步起到一定的幫助作用。
[Abstract]:Juvenile delinquency has become one of the most important problems in society. While we pay attention to how to punish, we also focus on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of juvenile offenders. The system of eliminating juvenile criminal record is considered to be an important system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minor offenders. In our country, there is a heated discussion on the system of eliminating juvenile criminal record in theory. In judicial practice, the new Criminal procedure Law of 2012 stipulates the system of sealing and storing juvenile delinquency records, which is also an important progress in the juvenile justice system in our country. But this is far from protecting the legal rights of minors and helping them socialize smoothly. Based on the research, the author summarizes the relevant materials and laws at home and abroad, and puts forward some opinions on the system of juvenile criminal record. The first part of this paper begins with the concept and nature of criminal record, through the analysis of the posthumous effect of criminal record, defines the concept of juvenile criminal record, brings the illegal record into the concept of criminal record, and puts forward the concept of "grand criminal record". The second part discusses the two systems of "elimination" and "seal" of juvenile criminal record, and proves its rationality and malpractice through the brief theoretical induction of the elimination system of juvenile criminal record. It is concluded that the elimination of criminal record has some drawbacks, and then the advantages and disadvantages of the system of sealing and keeping criminal records are discussed. In the third part, through the dialectical argumentation of the system of the elimination of minors and the system of sealing up, the author puts forward the dualistic construction theory of the system of elimination of minors' criminal record, that is, the principle of eliminating the criminal record of minors, with the exception of the closure of specific charges. In view of the concrete system construction, the author analyzes the applicable conditions and procedures from two aspects, namely, the elimination system of minor criminal record and the system of sealing up the criminal record of the minor. In order to enrich the theory of the elimination of juvenile criminal record and the progress of judicial practice, this paper puts forward some ideas on the construction of the applicable consequences.
【學位授予單位】：中國青年政治學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：2172408