【摘要】：在時下的中國，對刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利保護方面，還存在許多不足和不完善的地方。這既體現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定上，也體現(xiàn)在司法實務(wù)和立法、執(zhí)法人員的觀念中。比如在參與庭審方面，被害人沒有最后陳述權(quán)，也沒有明確規(guī)定被害人是否參加庭審；在起訴權(quán)方面，在公訴案件中被害人的起訴權(quán)受到限制，很多情況下其合法權(quán)益會受到損害；在上訴權(quán)方面，法律并沒有賦予被害人以直接的上訴權(quán)，而僅僅能通過公訴機關(guān)來間接行使抗訴權(quán)，至于是否抗訴，法律并沒有賦予被害人以決定權(quán)；在附帶民事訴訟方面，被害人沒有精神損害賠償請求權(quán)；在國家補償制度方面，國家賠償法僅規(guī)定了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的賠償制度，被害人則沒有受到同樣重視。造成上述現(xiàn)象的原因是多方面的，既有法律觀念和傳統(tǒng)（如不同法系之間當(dāng)事人的地位不同）的原因，也有立法目的、執(zhí)法理念等方面的原因。但隨著歷史的發(fā)展、社會的進步、國情的改變，對刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利保護也應(yīng)逐步完善。本論文從廣泛地考察被害人學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)及現(xiàn)行的刑事訴訟法關(guān)于被害人的規(guī)定等角度出發(fā)，以此來討論被害人在刑事訴訟法上的概念、特征及其訴訟地位。進而通過歷史考察的方法、比較的方法、實證考察的方法，首先是考察了四個不同歷史階段刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利變化發(fā)展?fàn)顩r；接著用比較的方式探究了大陸法系中的職權(quán)主義模式、英美法系的對抗模式和犯罪控制模式中，被害人在刑事訴訟中的地位和作用，也剖析了三種模式的優(yōu)劣。接著闡明了本論文的主要法理依據(jù)和觀念。即當(dāng)代各國取得廣泛共識的聯(lián)合國宣言中規(guī)定四項基本內(nèi)容。這四項內(nèi)容包括取得公理和公平待遇、賠償、補償、援助。同時，也包括程序正義、法治理念和保障人權(quán)三種觀念。進而闡明了本論文的三方面現(xiàn)實意義，即構(gòu)建和諧社會的需要、落實保障人權(quán)的需要、推進司法改革的需要。接下來對我國在刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利保護方面的現(xiàn)實狀況進行全面考察。之后通過實證考察的方法、比較考察的方法，，以求探究我國對刑事訴訟受害人權(quán)利保護中存在的不足和有待完善之處。這些不足分別是：知情權(quán)方面、參與庭審方面、起訴權(quán)方面、上訴權(quán)方面、代理制度方面、刑事附帶民事訴訟方面和國家補償制度方面等七項欠缺。最后，本論文提出了刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利保護的完善方法與對策。從大的方面提出要改變立法和司法實務(wù)中對被害人權(quán)利保護的法律觀念；在訴訟程序中對被害人權(quán)利保護的完善和對策；在實體權(quán)利保障方面的完善和對策。在程序性權(quán)利保障的完善和對策中，提出了被害人控告權(quán)、訴訟參與權(quán)、知情權(quán)、上訴權(quán)、量刑建議權(quán)、附帶民事訴訟中精神賠償問題的完善和對策。在實體性權(quán)利保護的完善和對策中提出了改革刑事附帶民事訴訟制度；增加和建立被害人國家補償制度，并提出該制度應(yīng)當(dāng)確立的原則、對象范圍、相應(yīng)程序、補償金數(shù)額的確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法、國家補償金的獲取途徑和補償金的管理機構(gòu)設(shè)置。本論文希望對刑事訴訟被害人權(quán)利保護在法律觀念轉(zhuǎn)變、刑事訴訟立法、刑事訴訟司法實務(wù)上有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:In China, there are still many shortcomings and imperfect places in the protection of the rights of the victims of criminal proceedings. This is not only reflected in the existing legal provisions, but also in the judicial practice and legislation, and in the concept of the law enforcement personnel. For example, the victim does not have the right of final statement to participate in the court trial, and does not specify whether the victim is involved or not. In the case of prosecution, the right of the victim to be prosecuted in the prosecution case is restricted, and in many cases its legitimate rights and interests will be damaged; in the case of the right of appeal, the law does not give the victim a direct right to appeal, but it can only indirectly exercise the right of protest through the public prosecution, and the law has not been given to the prosecution. The victim has the right to decide; in the case of incidental civil action, the victim has no claim for compensation for mental damage; in the state compensation system, the state compensation law only stipulates the criminal suspect, the defendant's compensation system, and the victim has not been given the same attention. The reasons for the system (such as the different status of the parties in different legal systems) also have the reasons for the legislative purpose and the concept of law enforcement. However, with the development of the history, the progress of the society and the change of the national conditions, the protection of the rights of the victims of the criminal procedure should also be gradually perfected. This paper has extensively investigated the study of victims, Criminology and the current criminal procedure law. In order to discuss the concept, characteristics and status of the victim in the criminal procedure law, the author, through the method of historical investigation, the method of comparison and the method of empirical investigation, first inspected the situation of the change of the rights of the victims of the criminal litigants in four different historical stages, and then used the comparison. The mode of authority doctrine in the continental law system, the position and function of the victim in the criminal procedure and the advantages and disadvantages of the three models are also explored in the continental law system, and then the main legal basis and concept of this thesis are clarified. The four contents include the acquisition of axiomatic and fair treatment, compensation, compensation, and assistance. At the same time, it also includes three concepts of procedural justice, the concept of the rule of law and the protection of human rights, and then clarifies the practical significance of the three aspects of this thesis, that is, the needs of building a harmonious society, the implementation of the needs of protecting human rights, and the need to promote the reform of the judiciary. Then the actual situation of the protection of the rights of the victim in criminal procedure is thoroughly investigated. After the method of empirical investigation, the methods of comparison are made to explore the shortcomings and the defects of our country to protect the rights of the victims of criminal proceedings. These shortcomings are: the right to know, and to participate in the court trial. There are seven deficiencies in the right of prosecution, the right of appeal, the right of appeal, the agency system, the criminal incidental civil action and the state compensation system. Finally, this paper puts forward the perfect methods and Countermeasures for the protection of the rights of the victims of criminal proceedings. Ideas; the perfection and Countermeasures of the protection of the rights of the victims in the proceedings; the improvement and Countermeasures in the protection of substantive rights. In the improvement and Countermeasures of the procedural rights guarantee, the right to accuse the victims, the right to participate in the litigation, the right to know, the right to appeal, the right to measure the sentencing, and the perfection and the right of the spiritual compensation in the incidental civil action In the perfection and Countermeasures of the protection of substantive rights, we put forward the reform of the criminal incidental civil litigation system, and increase and establish the state compensation system for the victims, and put forward the principles, the scope of the object, the corresponding procedures, the determination standards and methods of the amount of the compensation, the way to obtain the state compensation and the management of the compensation. It is hoped that the protection of the rights of the victims of criminal litigation has a certain reference value in the change of the legal concept, the legislation of the criminal procedure and the judicial practice of the criminal procedure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉永盛;試論刑事附帶精神損害賠償訴訟[J];法律適用;1995年06期

本文編號：2140391