發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-11 11:23

  本文選題：違法所得 + 適用問題　； 參考：《貴州民族大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷發(fā)展，貪污賄賂和恐怖活動(dòng)等犯罪的資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移方式近年來日趨多樣化、愈加隱蔽，犯罪分子對(duì)外轉(zhuǎn)移贓款潛逃的現(xiàn)象越來越多。我國在加入《聯(lián)合國反腐敗公約》后（以下簡稱《公約》），積極銜接《公約》嚴(yán)懲貪污賄賂、恐怖活動(dòng)犯罪和追繳違法所得的要求。在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人潛逃、死亡的情況下，為確保最大程度上追回在境外的腐敗資產(chǎn)，《公約》要求其締約國必須根據(jù)本國的法律對(duì)涉案財(cái)產(chǎn)采取必要的控制措施，在未對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人、被告人定罪審判的情形下先行沒收其違法所得，再返還給請求國。 2012年《刑事訴訟法》專門在特別程序中新增“犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件違法所得的沒收程序”，最高院在修正案正式施行后對(duì)新出臺(tái)的違法所得沒收程序?qū)ｉT規(guī)定了適用解釋和最高人民檢察院頒布的《人民檢察院刑事訴訟規(guī)則（試行）》分別制定了一系列具體運(yùn)行該程序的細(xì)則。該程序的出臺(tái)，引起了我國法學(xué)界和司法實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)其涉及的各種法律問題進(jìn)行熱烈的討論。因?yàn)槲覈谛淌略V訟體系中沒有設(shè)立缺席審判的制度，該程序的建立能彌補(bǔ)我國1996年的刑事訴訟法的缺陷，恢復(fù)被犯罪分子破壞的社會(huì)關(guān)系和社會(huì)秩序，也就是即使犯罪分子出逃到國外或者是死亡的情形，人民法院無法對(duì)其進(jìn)行審判，其貪污腐敗資產(chǎn)或者是恐怖活動(dòng)等犯罪所得還是有可能在尚未對(duì)其進(jìn)行定罪的情況下被我國司法機(jī)關(guān)沒收的，這確立完善了我國現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟制度和反腐敗體系，對(duì)我國刑事立法具有極其重要的意義。但違法所得沒收程序作為一項(xiàng)新的刑事訴訟特別程序，在制度的內(nèi)容上還比較粗糙，為防止出現(xiàn)有法不依或有法亂依的情形，還需要對(duì)其相關(guān)配套措施進(jìn)一步完善。 基于違法所得沒收程序的立法概況和適用現(xiàn)狀，本文概述了該程序的適用情況，然后針對(duì)學(xué)界中關(guān)于該程序在適用中遇到的問題進(jìn)行探討，指出其需要進(jìn)一步在理論和實(shí)踐中完善。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合立法上的欠缺，著重分析了產(chǎn)生這些問題在工作機(jī)制中的缺陷，然后指出解決這些問題需遵循的理論和原則，進(jìn)行深入討論后提出一系列的完善建議措施。 本論文正文分三個(gè)部分。第一章基于我國違法所得沒收程序的立法概況和實(shí)踐狀況，概述了該程序的適用情況，然后針對(duì)實(shí)務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)指出的該程序在實(shí)踐適用中遇到的問題進(jìn)行探討，指出該程序需要進(jìn)一步在理論和實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行完善。第二章結(jié)合立法上的欠缺，著重分析了產(chǎn)生這些問題的工作機(jī)制中的缺陷。然后針對(duì)違法所得沒收程序在適用中存在的問題，指出了解決這些問題需遵循的理論和原則。第三章針對(duì)違法所得沒收程序的適用問題，，遵循上述理論和原則的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行深入討論后提出一系列的完善建議措施，這是本文的重點(diǎn)所在。期望本文能推進(jìn)違法所得沒收程序在我國的司法實(shí)踐中不斷進(jìn)行探索和完善，使其更好地為刑事訴訟體系服務(wù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)我國的刑事訴訟價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic globalization, the way of transfer of assets, such as corruption, bribery and terrorist activities, is increasingly diversified in recent years, more and more hidden, and more and more criminals have escaped from the stolen money. China has joined the Convention on anti corruption (hereinafter referred to as < convention >), and actively joins the Convention > to punish corruption and bribery, and fear to punish corruption and bribery. In the case of a crime of terror and the request for the recovery of illegal income. In the case of a criminal suspect, a defendant who has fled and the death of a person, in order to ensure the maximum recovery of the corrupt assets in the country, the Convention requires that the State Party should take the necessary control measures to the property involved in the case in accordance with its own laws and the conviction and trial of the accused and the accused. First, confiscate its illegal income and return it to the requesting state.
In 2012, the criminal procedure law specifically added "criminal suspects, defendants to escape, and the confiscation procedure of illegal income in the case of death" in special procedures. The supreme court specifically stipulated the applicable interpretation and the criminal procedure regulations of the people's Procuratorate issued by the Supreme People's Procuratorate after the formal implementation of the amendment. A series of detailed rules for the specific operation of the procedure have been formulated respectively. The introduction of the procedure has caused a heated discussion on various legal issues related to it by the legal and judicial circles in our country. Because China has not established the system of default trial in the criminal procedure system, the establishment of this procedure can make up for the punishment of our country in 1996. The defects of the procedural law, the restoration of social relations and social order destroyed by the criminals, that is, even if the criminals escape to a foreign country or the situation of death, the people's court may not be able to try it, or the proceeds of the crime, such as the corrupt assets or the terrorist activities, are still possible under the circumstances of which they have not been convicted. The confiscation of the judicial organs of our country has established and perfected the current system of criminal procedure and the system of anti-corruption in our country, which is of great significance to our criminal legislation. However, the procedure of confiscation of illegal income as a new special procedure for criminal proceedings is still relatively rough in the content of the system, in order to prevent the occurrence of unlawful or unlawful dependence. Form, it is necessary to further improve its related supporting measures.
Based on the general situation and application status of the process of illegal income confiscation, this paper summarizes the application of the procedure, then discusses the problems encountered in the application of the program, and points out that it needs to be further improved in theory and practice. On this basis, combining with the lack of legislation, it focuses on the analysis of these problems. The shortcomings of the problem in the working mechanism are pointed out, and then the theories and principles to be followed in solving these problems are pointed out. After a thorough discussion, a series of suggestions for improvement are put forward.
The main body of this paper is divided into three parts. The first chapter, based on the general situation of the legislation and practice of the illegal income confiscation procedure in China, summarizes the application of the procedure, and then discusses the problems encountered in the application of the procedure pointed out by the practical organs, and points out that the procedure needs to be further improved in theory and practice. Second Combined with the lack of legislation, the chapter emphatically analyzes the defects in the working mechanism that produces these problems. Then, in view of the problems existing in the application of the illegal income confiscation procedure in the application, it points out the theory and principles to be followed in solving these problems. The third chapter is based on the application of the illegal income confiscation procedure and follows the basis of the above theories and principles. On the other hand, a series of perfect suggestions are put forward, which is the key point of this article. This article is expected to promote the continuous exploration and improvement of the illegal income confiscation procedure in our judicial practice so that it can serve the criminal litigation system better and realize the value of the criminal procedure in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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本文編號(hào)：2115014