本文選題：宗教教義 + 美國(guó)　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：宗教和法律是調(diào)整各類(lèi)社會(huì)關(guān)系的兩種重要手段,二者關(guān)系極為紛繁復(fù)雜。宗教教義作為人類(lèi)重要的價(jià)值觀念,在法律產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的過(guò)程中具有舉足輕重的作用。在政教分離的典型國(guó)家當(dāng)中,美國(guó)受宗教的影響尤為深遠(yuǎn)。在當(dāng)今美國(guó),從制度上來(lái)說(shuō),宗教和法律似乎有一個(gè)明顯的界線,但是這種界線一旦在實(shí)踐中落實(shí),其面臨的問(wèn)題并不能一概而論。在美國(guó)幾百年的眾多司法判例中,宗教教義的引用并不鮮見(jiàn)。近年來(lái),宗教教義也開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在我國(guó)的審判文書(shū)中,并且引發(fā)了人們熱烈的討論。本文意圖從理論和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面探究宗教教義在司法審判中得到適用究竟有無(wú)合理性,并從中審視宗教教義進(jìn)入我國(guó)司法審判領(lǐng)域的借鑒意義。本文共分為五個(gè)章節(jié),如下。在第一部分中,筆者論述了宗教教義在美國(guó)司法審判中適用的歷史演變情況。美國(guó)建國(guó)以來(lái)便確立了政教分離的政策,將法律與宗教明確地區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái);但在實(shí)踐中,二者的分離是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。"宗教"的概念隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和宗教多元化不斷發(fā)生演化,也連帶著宗教教義司法適用的情況發(fā)生改變。第二、三部分筆者分析了宗教教義在司法審判當(dāng)中運(yùn)行的條件以及阻卻因素。第二部分的運(yùn)行條件包括內(nèi)部條件和外部條件。內(nèi)部條件包括宗教教義的普遍性和良善性。外部條件則有:宗教教義是法律淵源之一,宗教教義與制度法協(xié)調(diào)相容,以及法官行使自由裁量權(quán)會(huì)受到宗教教義的影響。在第三部分中,筆者著重探討了宗教教義在司法中適用的阻卻因素,包括其自身的缺陷、有限的適用空間以及文化理解的差異等等。在第四部分中,筆者結(jié)合實(shí)例,分析宗教教義在司法審判中的效力。從實(shí)踐層面上來(lái)說(shuō),在美國(guó)司法審判中完全排除宗教教義是不可能的,但是宗教教義的適用也需要制定準(zhǔn)則。概括來(lái)說(shuō),具有普世價(jià)值的宗教教義在司法審判中不影響正當(dāng)程序權(quán)利;涉及宗教信仰自由的宗教教義在司法審判中可以發(fā)揮實(shí)質(zhì)性的作用;法官、當(dāng)事人、律師、證人的宗教信仰會(huì)隱秘地對(duì)審判的結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響。最后,筆者總結(jié)以上美國(guó)宗教教義在司法審判中適用的情況,結(jié)合我國(guó)近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的引用宗教教義的司法文書(shū),探討在我國(guó)這一特殊的文化背景下,宗教教義的司法適用是否有其可取之處。
[Abstract]:Religion and law are two important means to adjust all kinds of social relations. As an important value of human beings, religious doctrine plays an important role in the process of law production and development. America is particularly deeply influenced by religion among the countries that are typically divided between church and state. In the United States today, there seems to be a clear line between religion and law, but once it is implemented in practice, the problems it faces cannot be generalized. In hundreds of years of judicial precedents in the United States, religious doctrine is not uncommon. In recent years, religious doctrine also began to appear in our judicial documents, and aroused heated discussion. This paper intends to explore whether it is reasonable for religious doctrine to be applied in judicial trial from two aspects of theory and practice, and to examine the significance of religious doctrine in the field of judicial trial in our country. This paper is divided into five chapters, as follows. In the first part, the author discusses the historical evolution of the application of religious doctrine in American judicial trial. Since the founding of the United States, the policy of separation of church and state has been established, which clearly distinguishes law from religion, but in practice the separation between the two cannot be achieved. " With the development of society and the evolution of religious pluralism, the concept of religion "also changes with the judicial application of religious doctrine." The second, third part analyzes the condition of the religious doctrine in the judicial trial and the factors of hindrance. The second part of the operating conditions include internal conditions and external conditions. Internal conditions include the universality and goodness of religious teachings. The external conditions are: religious doctrine is one of the sources of law, religious doctrine and institutional law are compatible, and judges exercise discretion will be influenced by religious doctrine. In the third part, the author focuses on the obstacles to the application of religious doctrine in the administration of justice, including its own defects, limited space for application and differences in cultural understanding, and so on. In the fourth part, the author analyzes the validity of religious doctrine in judicial trial. In practice, it is impossible to exclude religious doctrine completely in American judicial trial, but the application of religious doctrine also needs to make a rule. Generally speaking, religious doctrines of universal value do not affect due process rights in judicial trials; religious doctrines involving freedom of religious belief can play a substantial role in judicial trials; judges, clients, lawyers, The religious beliefs of witnesses can have a hidden influence on the outcome of the trial. Finally, the author summarizes the application of the American religious doctrine in the judicial trial, and discusses the special cultural background of our country in the light of the judicial documents cited in recent years. Whether the judicial application of religious doctrine has its merit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D971.2;DD916

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 高智生;;充分發(fā)揮宗教教義的積極要素為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展服務(wù)[J];福建省社會(huì)主義學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

2 黃樹(shù)卿;;19世紀(jì)印度遺孀法律地位的變革[J];外國(guó)法制史研究;2008年00期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前2條

1 黃樹(shù)卿;;19世紀(jì)印度遺孀法律地位的變革[A];全國(guó)外國(guó)法制史研究會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)叢書(shū)——英美法系及其對(duì)中國(guó)的影響[C];2008年

2 方百壽;;論宗教旅游的生態(tài)化趨向[A];中國(guó)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì)第五屆會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨全國(guó)生態(tài)建設(shè)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前6條

1 ;對(duì)宗教教義進(jìn)行符合社會(huì)進(jìn)步要求的闡釋具有重要意義[N];西藏日?qǐng)?bào);2003年

2 實(shí)習(xí)記者 何瓊;促進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié) 維護(hù)穩(wěn)定[N];巴音郭楞日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

3 ;努力對(duì)宗教教義進(jìn)行符合社會(huì)進(jìn)步要求的闡釋[N];西藏日?qǐng)?bào);2003年

4 ;對(duì)宗教教義進(jìn)行符合社會(huì)進(jìn)步要求的闡釋是宗教界人士義不容辭的責(zé)任[N];西藏日?qǐng)?bào);2003年

5 記者 王小靜 實(shí)習(xí)記者 馬建山;地委中心組集體學(xué)習(xí) 安排部署當(dāng)前重點(diǎn)工作[N];吐魯番日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2014年

6 楊慶祥;學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系民族命運(yùn)[N];學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)報(bào);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 許夢(mèng)飛;論宗教教義在美國(guó)司法審判中的適用[D];山東大學(xué);2017年

，

本文編號(hào)：2110246