本文選題：未成年人 + 犯罪記錄　； 參考：《福州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：法律是人類文明進(jìn)步與智慧的結(jié)晶,隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展,法律也或多或少地會發(fā)生一些相應(yīng)地變化,以迎合日新月異的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的需要。我國自改革開放以來,為了建設(shè)具有中國特色的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì),與市場經(jīng)濟(jì)相配套的法律法規(guī)在神州大地上有了長足的進(jìn)步,短短的30多年,人們驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn),由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的突飛猛進(jìn),受市場經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的諸多相關(guān)因素迅速顯露出來。人們的權(quán)利意識、自由、平等等理念也隨之得到培育,一些與現(xiàn)代理念相一致的政策與法律制度不可避免的呈現(xiàn)在人們面前。我國2012年修改后的《刑事訴訟法》第275條已經(jīng)建立了未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度,從制度的初衷來看,主要是限制犯罪記錄的公開。從封存制度本身的規(guī)定來看,雖然一般人無法接觸到未成年人的犯罪記錄,但“有關(guān)單位”根據(jù)“司法需要”的調(diào)取規(guī)定,顯然降低了封存保密的嚴(yán)密性,明顯弱化了對當(dāng)事人的保護(hù)力度。犯罪記錄的存在雖然在一定程度上有其正當(dāng)、合理的一面,但對涉世不深,一時失足的未成年人而言,不僅會使其受到來自社會各界不同程度的歧視,還有可能對其前途帶來負(fù)面的、甚至毀滅性的影響。雖然我國在法律層面尚未正式建立未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度,但近幾年,許多地方開始嘗試未成年人犯罪記錄消滅的具體運行。實踐工作中的有益探索,不僅為我國建立未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗,也為該制度在國家層面的適時出臺提出了迫切的需求。2010年的“兩會”期間,積極關(guān)注法治建設(shè)的人大代表就提出了建立“青少年前科消滅制度”的議案,并設(shè)計了該制度操作的具體方案。彰顯平等理念,尊重人權(quán)精神是現(xiàn)代法治思想的主流,在我國刑事立法中,給未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度留一席之地是社會進(jìn)步、法律發(fā)展的必然要求。本論文除引言和結(jié)語外,共分為五大部分：第一部分：未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度概述。該部分主要對犯罪記錄、犯罪記錄消滅制度的概念進(jìn)行了準(zhǔn)確界定,以為下文作論證上的鋪墊。第二部分：域外未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度考察。該部分從犯罪記錄消滅制度的一般狀況切入,重點以德國和俄羅斯兩個國家為代表,運用比較分析的方法,對兩國未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的具體模式進(jìn)行述評,為構(gòu)建適合我國國情的未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度提供了參考。第三部分：構(gòu)建我國未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的必要性。本部分立足于標(biāo)簽理論,結(jié)合案例分析了標(biāo)簽效應(yīng)對未成年犯造成的硬傷。同時在順應(yīng)未成年人自然屬性的需要和基于寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)刑事政策的需要兩方面,探討并強(qiáng)調(diào)了我國建立未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的必要性。第四部分：建立我國未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的可行性。該部分包括三方面內(nèi)容。首先,“矜老恤幼”的儒家文化傳統(tǒng)在倫理、道德層面為我國嫁接未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度提供了深厚的文化土壤。其次,客觀分析了我國現(xiàn)行犯罪記錄封存制度的局限性,該局限恰恰不能滿足國際條約對未成年犯最大限度權(quán)益保護(hù)的現(xiàn)實要求。最后,結(jié)合近年來,全國部分地區(qū)對未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的試點經(jīng)驗,進(jìn)一步表明我國建立末成年入犯罪記錄消滅制度的條件已經(jīng)成熟。第五部分：建構(gòu)我國未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的具體思路。主要明確了該制度的適用對象；設(shè)置了考察機(jī)構(gòu)和主要職能、設(shè)定了合理的考察期；選擇了適合我國國情的消滅方式、具體程序并明晰了消滅后的法律效果等,從四個方面具體設(shè)計了符合我國國情的未成年人犯罪記錄消滅制度的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Law is the crystallization of the progress and wisdom of human civilization. With the continuous development of the society, the law will change more or less to meet the needs of the development of the new productive forces. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the law has been matched with the market economy in order to build a socialistic market economy with Chinese characteristics. The laws and regulations have made great progress on the land of Shenzhou. For more than 30 years, people are surprised to find that because of the rapid development of the economy, many related factors affected by the market economy have been revealed quickly. People's ideas of rights, freedom and equality are also nurtured, and some policies and legal systems that are consistent with modern ideas are not. It can be avoided in front of the people. The 275th article of the criminal procedure law amended in 2012 has established the system of the record seal of juvenile delinquency. From the original intention of the system, it is mainly to limit the public record of the crime. According to the provisions of the "judicial needs", the "relevant units" obviously reduce the tightness of the secrecy and obviously weaken the protection of the parties. Although the existence of the criminal record has its proper and reasonable side to a certain extent, it will not only make it come from the society for the minors who are not deeply involved in the moment. There will be different degrees of discrimination, and there may be a negative and even destructive effect on its future. Although China has not formally established the system of minors' criminal record elimination at the legal level, in recent years, many places have begun to try the specific operation of the elimination of juvenile delinquency records. It has accumulated valuable experience for the establishment of the criminal record elimination system of minors in China, and also put forward the "two meetings" in.2010 years for the timely introduction of the system at the national level. The representative of the people's Congress who actively paid attention to the construction of the rule of law put forward a proposal to establish "the abolition system of juvenile delinquency" and designed the system. It is the mainstream of the modern rule of law to highlight the concept of equality and respect the spirit of human rights. In the criminal legislation of our country, it is the social progress and the inevitable requirement for the development of the law to leave a place for the elimination of the criminal records of the minors in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into five parts: the first part: the juvenile delinquency A summary of the system of record elimination. The part mainly defines the concept of the criminal record and the system of the elimination of criminal records, and thinks that the following is the paving for the demonstration. The second part: the inspection of the elimination system of the criminal records of the minors outside the country. This part of this part is made from the general situation of the system of the elimination of criminal records, with the emphasis on Germany and Russia two. As a representative, a comparative analysis is used to review the specific mode of the abolition system of juvenile delinquency records in the two countries and provide a reference for the construction of the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records suitable for the national conditions of our country. The third part: the necessity of constructing the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records in our country. We have signed the theory and analyzed the hard injuries caused by the label effect to the minor offenders. At the same time, the necessity of establishing the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records in China is discussed and emphasized in two aspects of conforming to the needs of the natural attributes of minors and based on the needs of the criminal policy of tempering leniency. The fourth part: the establishment of the juvenile delinquency in China The feasibility of recording the abolition system is recorded. This part includes three aspects. First, the Confucian cultural tradition of "the old and the young" has provided a profound cultural soil for the abolition system of the criminal record of the grafted minors in our country. Secondly, the limitations of the current criminal record seal system in China are objectively analyzed. Unable to meet the actual requirements for the protection of the maximum rights and interests of the minor offenders in the international treaties. Finally, with the experience of the pilot experience of the elimination system of juvenile delinquency records in parts of the country in recent years, the conditions for establishing the system for the elimination of criminal records in our country are mature. The fifth part: the construction of minors in China The specific thinking of the system of criminal record elimination mainly clarifies the applicable object of the system, sets up an investigation organization and main functions, sets a reasonable inspection period, chooses the method of elimination suitable for the national conditions of our country, the specific procedure and clear the legal effect after the elimination, and designs in four aspects the failure to meet the national conditions of our country. The relevant contents of the abolition system of adult criminal records.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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