本文選題：民事訴訟 + 行為保全��； 參考：《中國政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：行為保全作為和財產(chǎn)保全并列的兩種保全制度,其最終目的均是為了實現(xiàn)權利人的主張,但是基于其對象的特殊性,行為保全是要求被申請人作出或者禁止被申請人作出某種行為,并不存在對將來判決的保障性,訴訟前或者訴訟過程中做出只是為了防止損失的進一步擴大或者造成不可避免的損失而己。先予執(zhí)行在我國正式確立行為保全制度之前在一定程度上彌補了行為保全制度缺失的不足,但鑒于我國已經(jīng)正式確立了行為保全制度,需要重新厘清二者之間的案件適用范圍。 行為保全制度的設置是訴權保障的需要,它能夠在民事主體的權利受到急迫性的侵害而依靠較長時間的法院審判難以獲得及時有效地保障時,達到迅速及時的保障當事人合法權益的目的。行為保全制度完善的程序設計,應遵循行為保全中雙方當事人享有平等的權利保障的原則,并且法官在裁定是否采取行為保全措施時,除了審查當事人的申請是否符合形式上的申請條件外,還需要結合案件具體情況,考量各種因素,做好行為保全中的利益衡量。 在對國外比較法的考察中得到諸多先進程序設計,英美法系的中間禁令制度、大陸法系中德國、日本和我國臺灣地區(qū)的假處分制度、越南的臨時強制措施、泰國的臨時性保護措施,這些相關制度對我國行為保全制度完善的啟示非常重要。在對北大法寶司法案例庫和中國法院網(wǎng)的行為保全案例進行分析的基礎上,并結合我國現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定,總結出現(xiàn)行行為保全制度適用過程中的諸多問題,如司法實踐中行為保全制度實際應用過少、案件審查內(nèi)容過于寬泛、不通知被申請人到庭答辯也不組織小型辯論、擔保確定不當、缺乏行為保全裁定錯誤后的救濟等。 立法和司法實踐都要求在民事訴訟中建構系統(tǒng)完善的行為保全制度。在現(xiàn)有的制度框架下完善行為保全制度,首先應明確行為保全制度的適用范圍,并厘清與先予執(zhí)行之間的關系,將原來規(guī)定適用先予執(zhí)行的需要立即停止侵害、排除妨礙、需要立即制止某項行為的這些本應適用行為保全的情形從先予執(zhí)行制度的適用范圍中刪除,由行為保全制度來調(diào)整。其次,要注重平衡雙方當事人的利益。在保全程序中優(yōu)先考慮迅捷性的同時應當注重程序的正當性,要盡量給以被申請人正當程序的保障。改變現(xiàn)在事前不送達、不答辯、不辯論,裁定作出后出現(xiàn)錯誤無法獲得賠償救濟的做法。我國也應采取小型口頭辯論的方式,聽取被申請人的意見,雙方可圍繞案件事實、行為保全的必要性以及擔保的具體金額等事項圍繞展開辯論。其他程序的完善設計也都是為了行為保全這一制度在我國更好的運行。
[Abstract]:The ultimate purpose of the two preservation systems, which are equal to that of property preservation, is to realize the claim of the obligee, but based on the particularity of the object, Act preservation is to require the respondent to do or prohibit the respondent to do a certain act, there is no guarantee of the future judgment, Actions made before or during proceedings are made only to prevent further expansion of losses or to cause unavoidable losses. Prior execution made up for the deficiency of the act preservation system to some extent before the formal establishment of the act preservation system in our country, but in view of the fact that our country has formally established the act preservation system, it is necessary to clarify the scope of application of the two cases again. The establishment of the act preservation system is the need for the protection of the right of action. It can protect the rights of the civil subject in a timely and effective manner when the rights of the civil subject are infringed urgently and rely on the court trial for a long time to obtain timely and effective protection. To achieve the purpose of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties promptly and promptly. The perfect procedure design of the act preservation system should follow the principle that both parties enjoy equal protection of rights in the act preservation, and when the judge decides whether to take the act preservation measure, In addition to examining whether the party's application meets the formal application conditions, it is also necessary to consider various factors and make a good balance of interests in the preservation of the act according to the specific circumstances of the case. In the investigation of foreign comparative law, many advanced program designs have been obtained, such as the interdict system of Anglo-American legal system, the system of false disposition in Germany, Japan and Taiwan in continental law system, and the temporary coercive measures in Vietnam. Thailand's temporary measures of protection, these related systems are very important for the perfection of China's behavior preservation system. On the basis of the analysis of the cases of Beida Fa Bao judicial case base and the Chinese court net, and combined with the current laws and regulations of our country, this paper sums up many problems in the process of the application of the current act preservation system. Such as too little practical application of the bank preservation system in judicial practice, too broad content of case review, no notice to the respondent to answer or organize a small debate, improper security determination, lack of relief after the act preservation ruling error, and so on. Both legislation and judicial practice require the establishment of a systematic and perfect system of preservation of conduct in civil proceedings. To perfect the act preservation system under the existing system framework, first of all, the scope of application of the act preservation system should be clearly defined, and the relationship between the act preservation system and the prior execution should be clarified, and the need for the original provision to apply the prior execution should be stopped immediately, and the obstruction should be removed. The circumstances in which the preservation of an act should be applied are removed from the scope of application of the prior enforcement regime and adjusted by the system of preservation of conduct. Secondly, attention should be paid to balancing the interests of both parties. In the preservation procedure, priority should be given to the promptness while the legitimacy of the procedure should be emphasized, and the due process of the respondent should be guaranteed as much as possible. Change the present practice of not serving in advance, not defending, not debating, making an error after ruling that no compensation can be obtained. China should also take the form of small oral arguments to listen to the views of the respondent. Both sides may debate the facts of the case, the necessity of preservation of the act and the specific amount of security. The perfect design of other procedures is also for the better operation of this system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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本文編號：2028341