本文選題：人民檢察機關 + 檢察監(jiān)督��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國的檢察制度歷經(jīng)幾十年的艱難發(fā)展,現(xiàn)己逐步形成較為完善的檢察監(jiān)督體制。檢察監(jiān)督作為我國監(jiān)督體系中的一項重要監(jiān)督形式,在推動經(jīng)濟社會良好發(fā)展等方面起著重要作用。但由于當前社會正處于深刻變革期,各種新的問題層出不窮,使得檢察監(jiān)督中一些不合理的地方進一步凸顯,對現(xiàn)行檢察監(jiān)督體制的沖擊和挑戰(zhàn)不斷加大。特別是在司法改革、員額檢察官制度實施及監(jiān)察委員會的試點工作都在推開的新形勢下,對檢察監(jiān)督機制的自我完善提出了更多、更高的要求。筆者以一名檢察工作者的獨特視角,采用“文獻+經(jīng)歷”的研究思路,通過查閱相關文獻資料,結合自身從檢工作實際及履行檢察監(jiān)督職能工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,力求多角度、多層次地挖掘現(xiàn)行檢察制度下的檢察監(jiān)督運行中存在的問題。借鑒域外檢察監(jiān)督改革方面的有益經(jīng)驗,找準檢察監(jiān)督體制完善的切入點,積極為我國檢察監(jiān)督的有效運行建言獻策。在現(xiàn)行的法律體系下,我國檢察機關被定位為唯一獨立行使檢察監(jiān)督權的國家機關,任何個人、行政機關都不得干涉檢察機關行使憲法賦予的檢察權。我國憲法和相關法律都有明確規(guī)定,我國人民檢察機關由國家權力機關選舉產(chǎn)生,其檢察長及工作人員中的檢察官和助理檢察員都必須經(jīng)人民代表大會通過法定程序予以任命,方能具備行使一定的檢察權的資格。我國檢察制度從大革命時期開始在紅色根據(jù)地借鑒蘇聯(lián)等國的經(jīng)驗做法,試推行人民檢察制度,歷經(jīng)抗戰(zhàn)等多次起伏發(fā)展,在新中國成立后迎來短暫春天,又在文革中遭到毀滅性破壞。人民檢察制度在文革后的1978年才重新恢復并被寫入憲法,開始了新的發(fā)展起點,在法治意識和依法治國理念的指導和影響下,得到了蓬勃發(fā)展,逐步形成具有中國特色的人民檢察監(jiān)督制度。雖然我國檢察監(jiān)督依法履職情況較為良好,為全面推進依法治國和保證司法公正等方面起著一定積極作用。然后我國檢察機關的檢察監(jiān)督存在著一系列問題,筆者主要從檢察監(jiān)督工作內(nèi)部視角,指出了當前檢察監(jiān)督工作中存在檢察監(jiān)督受重視程度不夠、檢察監(jiān)督運行機制的滯后性、檢察監(jiān)督缺乏必要的強制約束力、檢察監(jiān)督方式單一、檢察機關內(nèi)部監(jiān)督機制不健全、檢察隊伍專業(yè)化水平不高、檢察力量薄弱、科技裝備投入不足等問題,極大的制約著檢察監(jiān)督職能的正常有效行使。如檢察監(jiān)督方式單一,僅有對程序的啟動權和建議權,缺乏有效的強制力,使得檢察監(jiān)督在某種程度上來說無約束力。在以偵查為中心的司法理念的指引下,檢察機關的檢察監(jiān)督也更多地側(cè)重在對偵查活動的監(jiān)督工作上。對國家機關及其工作人員的檢察監(jiān)督集中體現(xiàn)在職務犯罪偵查層面。對于審判活動的監(jiān)督除提起公訴,參與法院審判中的法庭活動及對有關案件的抗訴等程序外,法律對檢察機關對審判機關的相關行為監(jiān)督規(guī)定較少且抽象。另外,檢察機關對作為國家機關中最主要的部分的行政機關的檢察監(jiān)督顯得有些滯后。檢察機關大多注重職務犯罪偵查工作、公訴工作和審查逮捕工作,履行的更多是偵查事務,對“本行”——法律賦予的檢察監(jiān)督職能工作重視不夠,甚至在某些方面存在缺位,難以杜絕冤假錯案的發(fā)生。筆者在本文中著重提出我國檢察監(jiān)督體制要改革與完善,首先要立足于我國基本國情,借鑒域外有益經(jīng)驗做法,順應時代發(fā)展需要,具備前瞻性戰(zhàn)略眼光,從檢察監(jiān)督內(nèi)部著手,改善和強化檢察監(jiān)督方式、力量及運行機制等。我國正推動司法體制改革和監(jiān)察委員會試點,檢察機關也在進行員額檢察官制度,空前的司法體制機制改革,進一步明確和強化了檢察官辦案責任。要利用該契機,借鑒域外有益改革經(jīng)驗做法,積極有效整合檢察監(jiān)督力量,實現(xiàn)檢察機關機構職能科學化設置,適時建議國家權力機關完善檢察立法,讓檢察監(jiān)督職權明確化、監(jiān)督方式多樣化,切實增強檢察監(jiān)督的強制力。從而形成一個高效的檢察機關,在法律明確規(guī)定下,依法積極履行檢察監(jiān)督職能,促使各個法律活動參與主體樹立法治思維,自覺遵守法律,崇尚憲法和法律,加快推進中國特色社會主義法治國家建設。
[Abstract]:The procuratorial system in China has been developing hard for several decades and has gradually formed a more perfect procuratorial supervision system. As an important supervision form in the supervision system of our country, procuratorial supervision plays an important role in promoting the good economic and social development. However, the current society is in a period of profound change and a variety of new problem layers. Out of poverty, some unreasonable places in procuratorial supervision have been further highlighted and the impact and challenge of the current procuratorial supervision system are increasing. In particular, under the new situation of judicial reform, the implementation of the procurator system and the pilot work of the supervisory committee, the self-improvement of the procuratorial supervision mechanism has been put forward more and more. With a special perspective of a procuratorial worker, the author uses the research ideas of "literature + experience", through consulting relevant documents, and combining with the problems found in the work of procuratorial work and performing the work of procuratorial supervision, and strives for multiple angles and multi-level excavation of the procuratorial supervision under the current procuratorial system. In the current legal system, the procuratorial organs of our country are designated as the only state organs that exercise procuratorial supervision independently, no individual or administrative organ. The procuratorial organs should be interfered with the procuratorial authority to exercise the procuratorial power given by the constitution. Our constitution and relevant laws have clearly stipulated that the procuratorial organs of our country are elected by the state authority, and the procurators and assistant procurators among the procurators and staff members must be appointed by the people's Congress through legal procedures. From the period of the great revolution, China's procuratorial system began to draw on the experience of the Soviet Union and other countries in the red base, and tried to carry out the people's procuratorial system. After many ups and downs, after the founding of the new China, the civil procuratorial system was destroyed and destroyed in the cultural revolution. The people's procuratorial system was in the 1978 after the cultural revolution. It has been resumed and written to the Constitution and started a new starting point. Under the guidance and influence of the consciousness of rule of law and the idea of ruling the country according to law, it has developed vigorously and gradually formed the people's procuratorial supervision system with Chinese characteristics. Although the procuratorial supervision in China is in good condition in accordance with the law, it will promote the rule of law and ensure the judicature in an all-round way. Justice and other aspects play a positive role. Then there are a series of problems in the procuratorial supervision of the procuratorial organs of our country. From the internal perspective of the procuratorial supervision, the author points out that there is not enough attention in procuratorial supervision, the lag of procuratorial supervision and operation system, and the lack of compulsory compulsory contract for procuratorial supervision. A single way, the single way of procuratorial supervision, the imperfect supervision mechanism of the procuratorial organs, the low professional level of the procuratorial force, the weakness of the procuratorial power and the insufficient input of scientific and technological equipment, have greatly restricted the normal and effective exercise of the procuratorial supervision function. The coercive force makes the procuratorial supervision not binding to some extent. Under the guidance of the judicial idea of the investigation as the center, the procuratorial supervision of the procuratorial organs is more focused on the supervision of the investigation activities. The procuratorial supervision of the state organs and their staff is embodied in the investigation level of the duty crime. In addition to the prosecution, the court activities in the trial of the court and the protest against the case, the law provides less and abstract supervision of the relevant acts of the procuratorial organs on the judicial organs. In addition, the procuratorial organs appear to be lagging behind the procuratorial supervision of the administrative organs, which are the most important part of the state organs. Most of the inspection authorities pay attention to the investigation of crime of duty, the work of public prosecution and the examination and arrest work, and more of the investigation affairs. It is not enough to pay enough attention to the procuratorial supervision function given by the law, even in some aspects, and it is difficult to prevent the occurrence of wrongful and false cases. The reform and improvement of the governor system should be based on the basic national conditions of our country, drawing on the useful experience of foreign countries, conforming to the needs of the times, having a forward-looking strategic vision, starting from the internal supervision of the procuratorial supervision, improving and strengthening the mode of procuratorial supervision, strength and operating mechanism. The procuratorial organ is also carrying out the system of post procurator, the unprecedented reform of the judicial system and mechanism, further clarifying and strengthening the responsibility of the prosecutor handling cases. To use this opportunity, draw on the useful experience of foreign reform, actively and effectively integrate the power of procuratorial supervision, realize the scientific establishment of the function of the procuratorial organs, and timely advise the state authority to finish To make a good procuratorial legislation, make the procuratorial supervision and supervision power clear, the mode of supervision diversified and strengthen the coercive force of the procuratorial supervision. Thus, a highly effective procuratorial organ is formed. Under the clear law, the procuratorial supervision function is actively fulfilled in accordance with the law, and the various legal activities are involved in the legislative thinking of the main body tree, the law is conscientiously observed, the constitution is advocated and the constitution is advocated. The law should speed up the building of a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926.3

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