本文選題：以審判為中心 + 公訴制度��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：公訴制度是國家設(shè)置專門機關(guān)代表國家指控違法犯罪以監(jiān)督和維護(hù)國家法律實施的制度。公訴在訴訟程序中,對于偵查階段移送起訴案件的審查,在程序上制約著審判的啟動,在實體上制約著審判審理的范圍和對象。一個案件庭審質(zhì)量很大一部分取決于審前程序即公訴和偵查階段的案件質(zhì)量。十八屆四中全會提出的“以審判為中心”訴訟制度改革不僅是庭審質(zhì)量,案件質(zhì)量也被提升到更高的要求,即“案件質(zhì)量要經(jīng)得起法律的檢驗”,這對公訴機關(guān)的工作的要求更加嚴(yán)格,對于現(xiàn)行的公訴制度提出更高的要求。要推動改革的順利進(jìn)行,實現(xiàn)我國刑事司法實質(zhì)的公平公正,公訴部門首先要正確理解什么是“以審判為中心”,改革的要求、改革的實質(zhì)以及謹(jǐn)防對改革的認(rèn)識走向的誤區(qū),只有正確理解這些才能做出相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對措施,推進(jìn)改革。不同于審判中心、不等于庭審中心、與偵查中心主義相對應(yīng)是正確認(rèn)識此項改革的前提,同時進(jìn)一步正確認(rèn)識改革的實質(zhì)在于提高偵查、審查起訴案件質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)庭審實質(zhì)化以及實現(xiàn)司法實體、程序公正。司法人員尤其是公訴人員防止走進(jìn)“以審判為中心”訴訟制度改革是以法院或者法官為中心、是構(gòu)建新的刑訴程序模式、是否定審前程序重要性的認(rèn)識誤區(qū)。同時要推行此項改革,公訴部門要解決現(xiàn)階段造成庭審形式化、偵查中心主義、證人出庭率不高的阻礙,起訴書的照搬、過于主導(dǎo)庭審進(jìn)程等傳統(tǒng)辦案理念的阻礙,過度依賴口供以及不科學(xué)的考評機制,公訴人出庭能力的欠缺、證人出庭率低等阻礙都是應(yīng)在改革的初期高度重視并且解決的問題。面對改革檢察機關(guān)首先應(yīng)該樹立起面向?qū)徟�、服�?wù)審判的意識,思想是行動的先導(dǎo)。在審判階段實現(xiàn)案件的繁簡分流,保障進(jìn)入到審判階段案件的質(zhì)量,提高司法資源的合理分配,提高訴訟效率;同時在新的階段庭審階段的可預(yù)測性不斷降低,律師的專業(yè)技能也不斷提升,公訴人員要提升出庭公訴能力,健全庭前準(zhǔn)備機制,提高證人的出庭率,實現(xiàn)直接言辭原則的應(yīng)用,在這個過程中檢察機關(guān)要明確自身的職能定位,疏通程序、保障案件公平公正。改革并非是審判階段或者說是法院一家之事,我國憲法規(guī)定公檢法在刑事訴訟中是“分工負(fù)責(zé)、相互配合、相互制約”的關(guān)系,在改革背景下,檢察機關(guān)更要注重和法院、公安的關(guān)系,構(gòu)建更為合理的公檢法關(guān)系,促進(jìn)司法改革的進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:The public prosecution system is the system that the state sets up specialized organs to charge the illegal crimes on behalf of the state in order to supervise and maintain the implementation of the national laws. In the litigation procedure, the examination of the case transferred to prosecution in the investigation stage restricts the initiation of the trial in procedure and the scope and the object of the trial in the entity. The trial quality of a case depends in large part on the quality of the case in the pretrial procedure, that is, the public prosecution and investigation stage. The reform of the "trial as the center" litigation system proposed by the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is not only the quality of the trial, but also the quality of the case has been upgraded to a higher requirement, that is, "the quality of the case must stand the test of the law." This is more stringent to the work of the Public Prosecution Service, and higher requirements for the current public prosecution system. In order to promote the smooth progress of the reform and realize the fairness and fairness of the essence of our country's criminal justice, the public prosecution departments must first correctly understand what is "taking trial as the center", the requirements of the reform, the essence of the reform and the misunderstanding of the understanding of the reform. Only by correctly understanding these can we make corresponding measures to promote reform. Different from the trial center, it is not equal to the trial center, corresponding to the investigative centralism is the premise of correct understanding of this reform, and at the same time, the further correct understanding of the essence of the reform lies in improving the investigation, examining the quality of the prosecution case, To promote the materialization of trial and the realization of judicial entity, procedural justice. The judicial personnel, especially the public prosecutor, prevent the reform of the litigation system of "taking the trial as the center" is to take the court or the judge as the center, is to construct the new criminal procedure pattern, is to negate the misunderstanding of the importance of the pretrial procedure. At the same time, in order to carry out this reform, the public prosecution department should solve the obstacles of the traditional idea of handling cases, such as formalization of court hearings, centralism of investigation, low attendance rate of witnesses, copying of indictments, too dominating the process of trial, etc. Excessive reliance on confessions and unscientific evaluation mechanisms, the lack of public prosecutors' ability to appear in court, and the low attendance rate of witnesses are all problems that should be highly valued and solved in the early stage of reform. Facing the reform of procuratorial organs, we should first set up the consciousness of facing the trial and serving the trial, and the thought is the forerunner of action. At the same time, in the new stage, the predictability of the trial stage is reduced, and the quality of the cases entering the trial stage is guaranteed, the rational distribution of judicial resources is improved, and the efficiency of litigation is improved. The professional skills of lawyers are also continuously improved. Public prosecutors should improve their ability to prosecute in court, improve the preparation mechanism before court, increase the attendance rate of witnesses, and realize the application of the principle of direct speech. In this process, the procuratorial organ should define its own function, dredge the procedure and guarantee the fairness and fairness of the case. The reform is not a judicial stage or a matter of the court. The constitution of our country stipulates that the public security bureau, procuratorate and court are "divided and responsible, cooperate and restrict each other" in criminal proceedings. Under the background of the reform, procuratorial organs should pay more attention to the court. The relationship between the public security, the public security bureau, the procuratorate and the court is more reasonable to promote the judicial reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1980995