本文選題：刑事被追訴人 + 憲法保障��； 參考：《河北師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事被追訴人作為擁有特殊身份的公民,其所享有的權利理應得到憲法的保護。與公民基本權利的保障相比,刑事被追訴人由于是受到法律追究的特殊公民主體,其所應該享有的權利往往被不公正的對待甚至于受到侵犯,這不僅不符合國際人權保障事業(yè)發(fā)展的要求,同時也不利于十八屆四中全會關于全面推進依法治國,保證公正司法,提高司法公信力加強人權司法保障的實現(xiàn)。在一國憲法中確認刑事被追訴人權利,間接反映出這個國家的人權保障理念,進而體現(xiàn)出該國的人權保障水平�，F(xiàn)階段我國日益重視對刑事被追訴人的權利保障,從2004年憲法修正案實現(xiàn)“人權入憲”,到2012年修改《刑事訴訟法》和《國家賠償法》,將“尊重和保障人權”寫入訴訟法總則,完善賠償程序,暢通賠償渠道,保證賠償支付的實現(xiàn)。揭開了我國人權保障事業(yè)的新篇章。但是,我國目前對刑事被追訴人的保障仍然存在一定的不足:如在憲法中對刑事被追訴人權利內(nèi)容的規(guī)定不全面,無罪推定、正當程序條款沒有提升到憲法的高度予以規(guī)定。另外,刑事訴訟法律的相關配套措施落實不到位,刑事被追訴人權利的救濟制度仍需要進一步的完善,憲法解釋程序與憲法監(jiān)督制度還需更深層次的探索等。本文從憲法保障的角度對刑事被追訴人所享有的重要權利進行論述,分析國外代表性國家的憲法保障制度和方式,提出我國刑事被追訴人權利的憲法保障的完善建議。全文除去引言和結論共分為四個部分:第一部分主要論述了刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的一般理論。闡述刑事被追訴人以及刑事被追訴人權利的定義,界定全文研究的基礎性概念,同時列明了刑事被追訴人權利的性質(zhì)特征。另外對刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的概念和方式作出介紹,說明了刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的意義所在,為后面論述刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障提供了價值支撐。第二部分主要總結了我國現(xiàn)階段憲法、法律對刑事被追訴人權利的保障現(xiàn)狀。通過對現(xiàn)狀的分析,總結出現(xiàn)階段我國刑事被追訴人權利的憲法保障中存在的問題,從中找到問題的四個方面原因:對刑事被追訴人人權保障的社會共識弱,重實體輕程序的傳統(tǒng)訴訟觀念影響,缺乏強有力的憲法監(jiān)督制度以及憲法中對刑事被追訴人權利規(guī)定不明。第三部分主要選取美國和德國兩個不同法系的國家,分析它們在刑事被追訴人權利的憲法保障中的立法體制和實踐方式,主要從刑事被追訴人權利的入憲方式和具體憲法保障制度兩個方面研究。概括總結我國從憲法角度保障刑事被追訴人的權利可以借鑒的經(jīng)驗,首先要正確理解人權保障的內(nèi)涵,其次要從各方面健全和完善對刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的法律制度,最后要充分發(fā)揮憲法的根本作用。第四部分基于前面對刑事被追訴人權利保障及憲法角度的分析,提出從強化刑事被追訴人人權保障意識、樹立憲法權威、轉變傳統(tǒng)刑事訴訟理念方面提升刑事被追訴人權利保障觀念的認同;豐富現(xiàn)行憲法中有關刑事被追訴人權利內(nèi)容規(guī)定;加強刑事訴訟公開、公正審判,非法證據(jù)排除,回避制度以及辯護律師幫助辯護的落實;完善刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的救濟制度幾個方面完善我國刑事被追訴人權利憲法保障的建議。
[Abstract]:As a citizen with special status, the rights of the criminal being prosecuted should be protected by the constitution. Compared with the guarantee of the basic rights of the citizen, the criminal being prosecuted is the special citizen subject to the law, and the rights that the defendant should enjoy are often treated unfairly and even violated, which is not only inconsistent with the law. The requirements for the development of international human rights guarantee are also not conducive to the realization of the full promotion of the rule of law in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the guarantee of justice and the enhancement of judicial credibility to strengthen the realization of human rights judicial guarantee. In a country's constitution, the rights of the accused are confirmed, and the concept of human rights protection in this country is reflected indirectly. At the present stage, our country attaches great importance to the protection of the rights of the accused. From the amendment of the Constitution in 2004, the "human rights into the constitution" is realized, the "Criminal Procedure Law > and the State Compensation Law" are amended in 2012, and the "respect for and the protection of human rights" is written to the general principles of the procedure law, the compensation procedure is perfected, the compensation channel is unblocked and the compensation is guaranteed. The realization of payment has opened a new chapter in the cause of human rights protection in China. However, there are still some shortcomings in our country's guarantee of criminal prosecution. For example, the provisions on the rights of the accused are not comprehensive, presumption of innocence, the provisions of the due process are not raised to the height of the constitution. The relevant supporting measures of the law are not in place. The remedy system of the rights of the accused is still needed further improvement. The constitutional interpretation procedure and the constitutional supervision system need to be further explored. This article discusses the important rights enjoyed by the criminal accused from the angle of constitutional guarantee and analyzes the representative countries of foreign countries. The constitutional guarantee of the constitutional guarantee system and mode is proposed. The full text is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses the general theory of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused, and expounds the definition of the criminal being prosecuted and the rights of the accused person to be prosecuted. The basic concept of the study, at the same time lists the characteristics of the rights of the criminal being prosecuted, and introduces the concept and mode of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution, and explains the significance of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution, which provides a value support for the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution. Second This paper mainly summarizes the present state of the Constitution and the protection of the rights of the accused in the present stage. Through the analysis of the present situation, it summarizes the existing problems in the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the criminal being prosecuted in our country, and finds out the four reasons for the problems: the social consensus on the protection of the rights of everyone in criminal prosecution is weak and substantial. The traditional litigation concept of light procedures, the lack of a strong constitutional supervision system and the constitution of the rights of criminal prosecuted persons are unknown. The third part mainly selects the two countries of different legal systems in the United States and Germany to analyze their legislative system and practice in the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the defendants in criminal cases, mainly from the criminal law. The two aspects of the constitutionalism and the specific constitutional guarantee system of the rights of the accused are studied. The experience of guaranteeing the rights of the accused to be prosecuted from the constitutional point of view is summarized. First, the connotation of the protection of human rights should be correctly understood. Secondly, the legal system of the constitutional protection of the rights of the accused is perfected and perfected from all aspects. The fourth part, based on the analysis of the protection of the rights of the accused and the constitutional angle, puts forward the recognition of strengthening the consciousness of the criminal prosecution for the protection of everyone's rights, establishing the authority of the Constitution and changing the concept of the traditional criminal procedure, and enriching the concept of the rights of the prosecution. In the constitution, the provisions concerning the rights of the prosecuted persons in the constitution are stipulated, and the suggestions of strengthening the public, fair trial, the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, the avoidance system and the implementation of the defense lawyers' assistance, and the improvement of the constitutional guarantee of the criminal prosecution's rights by the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused are perfected in several aspects.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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相關期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：1848496