本文選題：行賄罪　切入點(diǎn)：檢察機(jī)關(guān)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黨的十八大以來(lái),以習(xí)近平總書(shū)記為代表的黨中央高度重視反腐敗工作,不斷加強(qiáng)對(duì)于職務(wù)犯罪的打擊力度,“老虎蒼蠅一起打”已然成為人民群眾街談巷議的熱門(mén)話(huà)題。作為黨和國(guó)家反腐敗工作的排頭兵,擁有職務(wù)犯罪偵查權(quán)的檢察機(jī)關(guān)一直以來(lái)都致力于嚴(yán)肅查辦各類(lèi)職務(wù)犯罪案件。而在賄賂類(lèi)案件的查辦中,作為對(duì)合犯罪同時(shí)存在的受賄罪與行賄罪卻享受著“不同待遇”:全國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)職務(wù)犯罪偵查部門(mén)每年查辦的受賄案件的數(shù)量往往是行賄案件的數(shù)倍,并且在為數(shù)不多的被查辦的行賄罪犯中僅有部分罪犯最終受到了法律應(yīng)有的制裁。這與過(guò)去整個(gè)社會(huì)更多地注意受賄犯罪的嚴(yán)重性而忽視行賄犯罪的危害不無(wú)關(guān)系,而這種觀(guān)念也使得檢察機(jī)關(guān)在查辦行賄犯罪時(shí)進(jìn)退維谷。隨著反腐敗工作的日益深入,刑事立法以及司法實(shí)踐中已然認(rèn)識(shí)到了行賄犯罪的危害性,認(rèn)識(shí)到對(duì)于行賄犯罪的打擊力度不夠,因此已經(jīng)有意識(shí)地試圖改變過(guò)去“偵破受賄為主、查辦行賄為輔”的辦案觀(guān)念,意在形成“受賄行賄并重”的辦案觀(guān)念。但通過(guò)實(shí)踐反饋的結(jié)果來(lái)看,收效不大,成果不甚明顯。凡事有因才有果,行賄犯罪正是受賄犯罪的重要起因之一,只有依法查辦行賄犯罪,才能有助于受賄犯罪的查辦,才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)反腐敗工作的目的和意義。近年來(lái),檢察機(jī)關(guān)通過(guò)司法解釋、開(kāi)展打擊行賄犯罪專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)等方式在不斷加大對(duì)于行賄犯罪的打擊力度,也取得了一定成績(jī),但是仍舊遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能符合當(dāng)前反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)的要求。本文以檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄罪為視角,立足于職務(wù)犯罪偵查的工作實(shí)踐,旨在通過(guò)分析目前我國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)偵查實(shí)踐中對(duì)于行賄罪打擊不力的現(xiàn)狀,探究立法上和司法上試圖改變目前的困境卻又收效甚微的原因,并提供一些立法層面的修改建議以及改進(jìn)偵查實(shí)踐工作的建議,希望對(duì)于打擊行賄、懲治腐敗有所助益。文章開(kāi)宗明義,簡(jiǎn)述了選題背景、原因以及研究意義。而后剖析了檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄罪不力的現(xiàn)狀:通過(guò)對(duì)2013年以來(lái)全國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦職務(wù)犯罪案件的一些數(shù)據(jù),分析了數(shù)據(jù)背后反映的問(wèn)題,以及檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄案件的偵查實(shí)踐中的困境,闡述了目前的問(wèn)題——檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄案件的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于作為對(duì)合犯罪的受賄案件數(shù)量,并且最終受到法律制裁的受賄案件數(shù)量更少,偵查手段有限難以應(yīng)付當(dāng)前隱蔽復(fù)雜的行賄方式,偵查過(guò)程中又過(guò)于依賴(lài)口供。針對(duì)前述現(xiàn)狀,分析了檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄罪陷入困境的原因:原因分為兩類(lèi),即立法層面和偵查實(shí)踐方面。其中,立法層面的原因是根本原因,立法層面的問(wèn)題不解決,當(dāng)前的現(xiàn)狀就不能得到根本性的改變,但這并非主要原因,偵查實(shí)踐方面的原因才是主要原因,只要檢察機(jī)關(guān)在偵查實(shí)踐方面能夠有所改進(jìn),必定能極大地改變當(dāng)前進(jìn)退維谷的處境。而后探討了解決問(wèn)題的對(duì)策:從立法層面來(lái)看,建議完善行賄罪以及其他賄賂類(lèi)犯罪的法律規(guī)定,盡可能避免法律規(guī)定的空白地帶,給不法分子可趁之機(jī),同時(shí)關(guān)于“不正當(dāng)利益”這一入罪要素,建議謹(jǐn)慎考慮之后改為加重處罰情節(jié)。從司法實(shí)踐層面來(lái)看,必須切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變辦案觀(guān)念,并且重視偵查實(shí)踐的改進(jìn),同時(shí)要注意刑事程序的整體性,偵查工作要配合后續(xù)的訴訟程序。最后總結(jié)了全文:當(dāng)前檢察機(jī)關(guān)查辦行賄案件確實(shí)存在一定的問(wèn)題,但只要立法層面加以重視,司法實(shí)踐中積極應(yīng)對(duì),切實(shí)改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有問(wèn)題并且扎實(shí)推進(jìn)行賄案件查辦,一定能夠扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前局面,為反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Of the party since eighteen, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as general secretary attaches great importance to anti-corruption work, continue to strengthen the crackdown on crime, the tiger flies to play "has become a hot topic of people. As the town talk vanguard party and the national anti-corruption work, the procuratorial organs have the right of investigation of official offence has been committed to investigating serious crimes committed all kinds. And in investigating bribery cases in the crime exist at the same time as the bribery crime and bribery crime are enjoying" different treatment ": the number of national procuratorial organs duty crime investigation department a year investigating the bribery case of bribery cases is often several times, and for only part of the few are investigating bribery criminal offenders eventually received legal justice. The past the whole society to pay more attention to the bribery crime The harm to the crime of neglect of bribery crime are not unrelated, but this concept also makes the dilemma in investigating bribery prosecutors anti-corruption work. With the increasingly deepening of criminal legislation and judicial practice has realized the harmfulness of bribery crime, to recognize the crackdown on bribery is not enough, so it has consciously trying to change the past "investigation of bribery, bribery investigation by the" case "concept, intended to form a bribery case of both" concept. But through the practice of feedback results, the effect is not large, the results are not obvious. It is because only fruit, bribery crime is one of the important causes of the crime of bribery according to the law, only the investigation of bribery, can be helpful in investigating the crime of bribery, in order to truly realize the purpose and significance of anti-corruption work. In recent years, the procuratorial organs through judicial interpretation To carry out the special action to combat bribery, in the way of increasing the crackdown on bribery, but also has made some achievements, but still can not meet the requirements of the current anti-corruption struggle. According to the prosecutors investigating bribery crime from the perspective of practice based on the duty crime investigation, aims to analyze the current situation of investigation practice China's procuratorial organs for the crime of bribery to combat ineffective, explore the legislative and judicial reasons to change the current predicament but have little effect, and provide some suggestions of legislation and improvement of investigation practice recommendations, hope for the fight against bribery, corruption is helpful. This paper describes the background, purpose, the reason and significance of the research. And then analyzes the status quo of prosecutors investigating bribery ineffective in 2013 since the national procuratorial organs investigating 鑱屽姟鐘姜妗堜歡鐨勪竴浜涙暟鎹，

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