我國取保候?qū)忂m用研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-03-26 11:45
本文選題：取保候?qū)?/strong> 切入點(diǎn)：適用 出處：《貴州民族大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】：《刑事訴訟法》（以下簡稱《刑訴法》）修正案關(guān)于取保候?qū)彿蓷l文修改的幅度不是很大，增減的主要內(nèi)容有：取保候?qū)彈l件中增加了一項(xiàng)；保證金數(shù)額的確定依據(jù)作了原則性的概括；保證人責(zé)任的履行形式變動較�。槐蝗”：�?qū)徣说牧x務(wù)內(nèi)容新增了部分條款等。修正案自2013年正式開始實(shí)施，這些內(nèi)容的修改勢必會在實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生新的難題，再加上近些年來實(shí)務(wù)部門在適用取保候?qū)忂^程中存在的某些問題沉積至今沒有得到有效的解決，這使得實(shí)務(wù)部門適用取保候?qū)彽碾y度加大，對修改后的《刑訴法》的正確實(shí)施提出更加嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)�；诖�，筆者決定結(jié)合《刑訴法》2013年實(shí)施以來筆者對部分地區(qū)調(diào)查取得的數(shù)據(jù)，通過對現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)資料文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行整理和思考，在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)作本文。 新修改的《刑訴法》自2013年1月1日起實(shí)施，距今一年有余。本論文主要探討的是關(guān)于取保候?qū)彽倪m用問題，因修正案實(shí)施不久，寫作的中心原則應(yīng)當(dāng)是避開對立法缺陷和完善建議的探討，著重根據(jù)現(xiàn)有法律條文和相關(guān)司法解釋的內(nèi)涵，在對立法精神進(jìn)行正確解讀的基礎(chǔ)上，在已有立法制度框架下，在取保候?qū)徃鱾�程序階段，以加強(qiáng)各項(xiàng)監(jiān)督力度和執(zhí)行力度為行文的主線，對取保候?qū)彽倪m用問題及原因進(jìn)行分析，對指導(dǎo)取保候?qū)忂m用的理論進(jìn)行闡述，進(jìn)而提出解決取保候?qū)忂m用問題的若干建議，希望能夠給學(xué)術(shù)界貢獻(xiàn)自己淺薄的見解，給實(shí)務(wù)部門一些適用參考。 本論文對取保候?qū)忂m用問題的研究分為適用問題分析、適用取保候?qū)彽幕纠砟詈徒鉀Q適用問題的建議三部分，共計(jì)3.5萬字左右，現(xiàn)簡要介紹如下： 第一部分是取保候?qū)忂m用問題分析部分，，重點(diǎn)探討了適用現(xiàn)狀、問題及原因。 取保候?qū)忂m用現(xiàn)狀主要表現(xiàn)為三個方面：一是取保候?qū)彽倪m用率和社會認(rèn)知度整體提高；二是擔(dān)保方式選擇的傾向性明顯；三是執(zhí)行監(jiān)管的實(shí)施情況不樂觀。存在的問題總結(jié)為五個方面，包括：取保候?qū)彸绦蚬δ鼙划惢�、�?dān)保效果不理想、執(zhí)行監(jiān)管困難多、權(quán)利救濟(jì)有缺漏、監(jiān)督機(jī)制不健全。在總結(jié)問題的基礎(chǔ)上，筆者歸納了出現(xiàn)上述問題的原因，主要是三個方面：第一，包括社會危險性判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和保證金數(shù)額范圍等在內(nèi)的立法缺陷的原因；第二，取保候?qū)徆ぷ鳈C(jī)制的制約產(chǎn)生了取保候?qū)彵徊划?dāng)適用的情況；第三，從取保候?qū)弻?shí)施主體的執(zhí)法理念、監(jiān)管和制裁力度三個方面分析實(shí)施主體的制約原因。 第二部分是適用取保候?qū)彽幕纠砟畈糠�，重點(diǎn)探討了人權(quán)保障理理念和正當(dāng)程序理念對取保候?qū)彽闹笇?dǎo)意義。 在人權(quán)保障理念部分，在闡述訴訟參與人依法享有的人權(quán)內(nèi)容和三機(jī)關(guān)在刑事訴訟中承擔(dān)的人權(quán)保證責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)上，指出了人權(quán)保障理念在司法隊(duì)伍執(zhí)法觀念的提高、程序操作中人權(quán)意識的加強(qiáng)、監(jiān)督制約意識的提高三個方面具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。 在正當(dāng)程序理念部分，正當(dāng)程序理念在取保候?qū)彸绦蛏系捏w現(xiàn)主要包括程序建構(gòu)要合法合理、最大限度保障人權(quán)、要對權(quán)利進(jìn)行限制三個方面。對取保候?qū)忂m用的價值主要體現(xiàn)在它是公民權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的有效途徑、是權(quán)力制衡的需要、是法律實(shí)質(zhì)正義的客觀要求。對取保候?qū)忂m用的指導(dǎo)意義主要集中在確保程序主體的正當(dāng)性、實(shí)施程序的正當(dāng)性兩個方面。 第三部分是解決適用問題的建議部分，重點(diǎn)探討了如何完善取保候?qū)彽墓ぷ鳈C(jī)制、擔(dān)保效果、監(jiān)管力度和監(jiān)督機(jī)制四個方面的措施。 完善工作機(jī)制方面，主要分為申請程序機(jī)制、裁決程序機(jī)制和社會危險性評估機(jī)制三個方面。申請程序機(jī)制主要是探討了申請者權(quán)利救濟(jì)措施，目前申請人的救濟(jì)權(quán)利主要是《高檢規(guī)則》第574條件的規(guī)定內(nèi)容，救濟(jì)渠道狹窄；裁決程序機(jī)制主要是要加強(qiáng)辦案人員的人權(quán)保障意識和構(gòu)建以權(quán)力制約、監(jiān)督為前提的合理的內(nèi)部審批結(jié)構(gòu)；社會危險性評估機(jī)制主要是從犯罪嫌疑人的刑法實(shí)體角度、主觀態(tài)度角度、對訴訟活動施加的風(fēng)險性大小角度等五個角度進(jìn)行方法探討。 完善擔(dān)保效果方面，主要是結(jié)合擔(dān)保方式的合法性、強(qiáng)制性和保障性三個特征，提出了選擇擔(dān)保方式的兩個依據(jù)包括：程序保障理念和便于監(jiān)管；進(jìn)一步闡述保證人責(zé)任的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 完善監(jiān)管力度方面，主要是進(jìn)一步明確了“市、縣”、“場所”、“會見或通信”的概念外延，分析了社會機(jī)構(gòu)輔助監(jiān)管和電子監(jiān)管兩種手段的可行性。 完善檢察監(jiān)督機(jī)制方面，強(qiáng)化法律監(jiān)督的意識，從權(quán)力源頭有效及時地對不當(dāng)取保候?qū)彽墓珯?quán)力行為進(jìn)行糾正，保證取保候?qū)彽某绦蛞饬x得到實(shí)現(xiàn)；提升法律監(jiān)督能力，準(zhǔn)確地實(shí)施法律，正確地引導(dǎo)取保候?qū)彸绦蚬δ艿貙?shí)現(xiàn)；通過建設(shè)內(nèi)部和外部信息交流平臺，以此拓寬法律監(jiān)督渠道，使檢察機(jī)關(guān)更全面、更客觀地在多渠道反映來的事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上糾正不當(dāng)?shù)娜”：驅(qū)彸绦蛐袨椤?br/>[Abstract]:The amendment of the amendment to the Law of Criminal Procedure ( hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Procedure Law ) concerning the amendment of the legal provisions of the guarantor pending trial is not very large , and the main contents of the increase or decrease are as follows : one is added to the conditions of the guarantor pending trial ;
The determination basis of the margin amount is summarized in principle ;
The change of the performance form of the guarantor ' s responsibility is small ;
Since the implementation of the amendments since 2013 , the amendment of these contents will inevitably create new challenges in practice , which makes it difficult for the substantive departments to solve some problems existing during the application of the guarantor pending trial , which makes the substantive departments more difficult to put forward the correct implementation of the revised Criminal Procedure Law . Based on this , the author makes a decision to organize and think about the existing relevant information documents , and to create this paper .
This paper mainly discusses the application of the new modified criminal procedure law from January 1 , 2013 . In the light of the application of the amendment , the central principle of writing should be to avoid the discussion of the defects of legislation and the perfection of the proposal . On the basis of the correct interpretation of the legislative spirit , the paper expounds the applicable problems and causes of the guarantor pending trial , and then puts forward some suggestions to solve the application of the guarantor pending trial , and hopes to contribute to the academic community to make a contribution to its shallow opinions and give some useful references to the substantive departments .
The thesis is divided into the applicable problem analysis , the basic idea of applying the guarantor pending trial and the suggestion of solving the applicable problems , which is about 35,000 words , which is briefly introduced as follows :
The first part is the analysis part of the application of the guarantor pending trial , and focuses on the application of the present situation , the problems and the causes .
The current status of the application of the guarantor pending trial mainly includes three aspects : one is the application rate of the guarantor pending trial and the overall improvement of the social cognition degree ;
Second , the choice of guarantee mode is obvious ;
Third , the implementation of supervision is not optimistic . The existing problems are summarized into five aspects , including the differentiation of the function of the guarantor pending trial process , the unsatisfactory security effect , the implementation of many difficulties , the absence of the right remedy and the imperfection of the supervision mechanism . On the basis of summarizing the problems , the author summarizes the reasons for the above problems , which is mainly three aspects : the first , including the social risk judgement standard and the margin amount range and so on ;
Second , the restriction of the working mechanism of the guarantor of the guarantor of the guarantor of the guarantor of the guarantor of the guarantor is the case of improper application of the guarantor pending trial ;
Thirdly , the restriction reason of implementing the subject is analyzed from three aspects : law enforcement concept , supervision and sanction strength .
The second part is the basic idea of the application of the guarantor , and the guiding significance of the concept of human rights and the concept of due process on the guarantor pending trial are discussed .
On the basis of the concept of human rights guarantee , on the basis of elaborating the content of human rights and the responsibility of human rights guaranteed by the three organs in criminal proceedings , this paper points out that the concept of human rights guarantee has important guiding significance in the improvement of the law enforcement concept , the strengthening of human rights consciousness in the procedure operation and the improvement of supervision and restriction consciousness .
In the concept of due process , due process idea mainly includes the procedural construction to be legal and reasonable , the maximum guarantee of human rights , and the restriction on the rights . The value of the application of the guarantor awaiting trial is mainly reflected in the objective requirement of the realization of the right of power , which is the objective requirement of the substantive justice of the law . The guiding significance for the application of the guarantor is mainly in ensuring the legitimacy of the procedural body and the legitimacy of the procedure .
The third part is to discuss how to perfect the working mechanism , the guarantee effect , the supervision force and the supervision mechanism .
In the aspect of improving the working mechanism , it is mainly divided into three aspects : the application procedure mechanism , the adjudication procedure mechanism and the social risk evaluation mechanism . The application procedure mechanism mainly discusses the remedy measures of the applicant ' s rights . At present , the applicant ' s right to relief is mainly the content of the provisions of Article 574 of the Rules of the High Inspection Rule , and the relief channel is narrow ;
The mechanism of adjudication procedure is to strengthen the awareness of human rights guarantee and construct reasonable internal examination and approval structure based on power restriction and supervision .
The social risk assessment mechanism is mainly from the angle of the criminal law entity of the criminal suspect , the subjective attitude angle , the risk size angle applied to the litigation activity , and so on .
In the aspect of improving the security effect , it is mainly based on three characteristics of legality , mandatory and supportability of the guarantee method , and puts forward two bases for selecting the guarantee method , including : procedural safeguard idea and easy supervision ;
The relevant content of the guarantor ' s responsibility is further elaborated .
In the aspect of improving supervision , the concept extension of " city , county " , " site " , " meeting or communication " is further clarified , and the feasibility of social institution - aided supervision and electronic supervision is analyzed .
To perfect the procuratorial supervision mechanism , strengthen the consciousness of the legal supervision , correct the public power behavior of the improper taking - keeping in a timely manner from the source of power , and ensure that the procedural meaning of the guarantor pending trial is realized ;
To improve the ability of legal supervision and to implement the law correctly and correctly guide the function of the guarantor pending trial ;
Through the construction of internal and external information exchange platforms , this will broaden the channels of legal supervision and make the procuratorial organs more comprehensive and more objective to correct the misconduct on the basis of the facts reflected in the multi - channel .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
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