本文選題：辨認(rèn)筆錄　切入點：證據(jù)性質(zhì)　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：刑事辨認(rèn)是刑事訴訟中偵查人員用于偵查案件的重要手段,辨認(rèn)筆錄即是記錄辨認(rèn)結(jié)果的一種固定形式,它對于案件事實的認(rèn)定有不可替代的證明作用。然而在各國的司法領(lǐng)域中存在大量的因辨認(rèn)筆錄導(dǎo)致的冤假錯案,故辨認(rèn)筆錄的重要性不言而喻。雖然辨認(rèn)筆錄作為一種法定證據(jù)被我國《刑事訴訟法》所確認(rèn),但是相關(guān)配套制度的缺失以及實踐操作中的混亂直接影響辨認(rèn)筆錄的證明能力,影響其訴訟價值的實現(xiàn)。本文通過對兩大法系的辨認(rèn)筆錄問題進行比較分析,探討我國辨認(rèn)筆錄的立法現(xiàn)狀及其證據(jù)運用中的主要缺陷,對辨認(rèn)筆錄的證據(jù)性質(zhì)進行分析,力圖通過明確刑事辨認(rèn)程序的相關(guān)規(guī)則,加強辨認(rèn)筆錄的審查機制,健全辨認(rèn)筆錄的審批監(jiān)督機制來完善辨認(rèn)筆錄之運用,提高辨認(rèn)筆錄之法律價值,維護法律之公正。全文共由四部分組成： 第一部分主要對辨認(rèn)筆錄的基本理論進行分析,包括對辨認(rèn)筆錄的法律界定和對辨認(rèn)筆錄特征的分析。首先解讀了目前我國學(xué)者對辨認(rèn)筆錄的不同定義,在此基礎(chǔ)上對辨認(rèn)筆錄予以界定,然后從辨認(rèn)筆錄的言辭性、程序和實體的綜合載體性和傳聞不可靠性這三個方面分析辨認(rèn)筆錄的特征。 第二部分對域外刑事辨認(rèn)筆錄的證據(jù)運用進行比較考察,主要從英美法系和大陸法系兩大法系進行分析。在兩大法系之間,不管是在文化背景、訴訟意識,還是在法律價值觀念、法律理論以及法律實踐中都有很大的區(qū)別。因此對兩大法系辨認(rèn)筆錄的比較考察也主要從上述幾方面進行。 第三部分重點闡述了我國關(guān)于辨認(rèn)筆錄制度的現(xiàn)狀,主要從辨認(rèn)筆錄的立法現(xiàn)狀和辨認(rèn)筆錄證據(jù)運用中的主要缺陷兩個方面進行分析。在立法方面,辨認(rèn)筆錄制度還處在起步階段,相關(guān)程序運行機制的缺失以及司法實踐中工作人員的任意操作,都會加大冤假錯案的發(fā)生,降低辨認(rèn)筆錄的證明價值。 第四部分重點闡述了關(guān)于我國刑事辨認(rèn)筆錄運用的完善建議,具體包括：首先應(yīng)完善刑事辨認(rèn)程序的相關(guān)規(guī)則；然后在對域外國家比較借鑒的基礎(chǔ)上主張建立一套具有我國法治特色的審查評估規(guī)則；最后從辨認(rèn)人出庭質(zhì)證制度、心理學(xué)專家證人制度、非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則、補強證據(jù)規(guī)則這四個方面來完善刑事辨認(rèn)筆錄的相關(guān)程序機制,從而進一步提高辨認(rèn)筆錄的訴訟價值。
[Abstract]:Criminal identification is an important means used by investigators in criminal proceedings to investigate cases. The identification record is a fixed form of recording the result of identification. It has an irreplaceable role in proving the facts of the case. However, in the judicial field of various countries, there are a large number of cases of wrongs and wrongs caused by the identification of the record. Therefore, the importance of the identification record is self-evident. Although the identification record is recognized as a kind of legal evidence by the Criminal procedure Law of our country, the lack of relevant supporting system and the confusion in the practice directly affect the proof ability of the identification record. Through the comparative analysis of the identification record of the two legal systems, this paper discusses the legislative situation of the identification record and the main defects in the application of the evidence in our country, and analyzes the nature of the evidence in the identification record. Through clarifying the relevant rules of the criminal identification procedure, strengthening the examination mechanism of the identification record, perfecting the examination and approval supervision mechanism of the identification record, improving the application of the identification record, and improving the legal value of the identification record, The full text consists of four parts:. The first part mainly analyzes the basic theory of the identification record, including the legal definition of the identification record and the analysis of the characteristics of the identification record. On this basis, the identification record is defined, and then the characteristics of the identification record are analyzed from three aspects: the verbality of the identification record, the comprehensive carrier of procedure and entity and the unreliability of hearsay. In the second part, the author makes a comparative study of the evidence used in the foreign criminal identification record, mainly from the Anglo-American law system and the civil law system. Between the two legal systems, whether in the cultural background, litigation consciousness, There are also great differences in legal values, legal theory and legal practice. Therefore, the comparative investigation of the identification notes of the two legal systems is mainly carried out from the above several aspects. The third part focuses on the status quo of the identification record system in China, mainly from two aspects: the current legislation of the identification record and the main defects in the use of the evidence in the identification record. The identification record system is still in its infancy, the lack of relevant procedure operation mechanism and the arbitrary operation of the staff in judicial practice will increase the occurrence of unjust false and wrong cases, and reduce the value of proof of identification record. Part 4th focuses on the improvement of the use of criminal identification records in China, including: first of all, we should improve the relevant rules of criminal identification procedures; Then, on the basis of reference to foreign countries, it proposes to establish a set of rules of examination and evaluation with the characteristics of our country's rule of law; finally, from the system of identifying persons appearing in court, the system of psychological expert witnesses, the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence, Strengthen the rules of evidence to improve the relevant procedural mechanism of criminal identification record, and further improve the procedural value of identification record.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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