本文選題：排除合理懷疑　切入點：刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的概念是指：與刑事訴訟相關(guān)的公、檢、法機關(guān)工作人員及訴訟參與人按照一定的法律約束,確認(rèn)案件待證事實的證明所需要達(dá)到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或標(biāo)尺。我國刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)先后經(jīng)歷了“神示證據(jù)”,“訊驗明白、理無可疑”,“內(nèi)心確信”、“事實清楚,證據(jù)確實、充分”、“排除合理懷疑”的演變�！芭懦侠響岩伞睒�(biāo)準(zhǔn)起源于18世紀(jì)英美法系國家,具有悠久的歷史。筆者認(rèn)為“合理懷疑”是指一個正常理智的人所產(chǎn)生的符合人類正常思維邏輯且與犯罪嫌疑人有罪證明有關(guān)的任何懷疑。“排除合理懷疑”是指排除掉建立在共同意識基礎(chǔ)之上,使一個有理性的人感到猶豫的懷疑,從而達(dá)到內(nèi)心的確信。 我國采用“排除合理懷疑”證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很必要的。首先,“排除合理懷疑”證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確了何為“證據(jù)確實、充分”,它是通過反證法和試錯法的方式進(jìn)行證明,使得證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更加清晰,可操作性增強。其次,“排除合理懷疑”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)因為證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確,從而可以有效的約束司法行為,有利于減少冤假錯案。再次,“排除合理懷疑”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還可以提高司法工作效率,節(jié)約司法資源和社會資源,因此我國采用此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是合理、必要的。 “排除合理懷疑”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在我國的適用與實踐受到法官自身素質(zhì)與局限性、法官與案件利害關(guān)系程度、道德、傳統(tǒng)思想、訴訟地位、媒體炒作等因素的影響。刑事案件中合理懷疑未排除的表現(xiàn)主要有：主要證據(jù)之間存在矛盾,主要有罪證據(jù)與待證事實之間存在矛盾,主要證據(jù)與經(jīng)驗法則之間存在矛盾,非法證據(jù)未排除。根據(jù)合理懷疑未排除的表現(xiàn),因此發(fā)現(xiàn)合理懷疑后的舉措是：及時合法的補充偵查、仔細(xì)篩選收集到的證據(jù)、補正或作出解釋說明。根據(jù)疑罪從無原則,當(dāng)最終合理懷疑不能排除時,其應(yīng)然結(jié)果是宣判無罪或者改判他罪。
[Abstract]:The concept of the standard of criminal proof refers to related criminal justice, inspection staff, law authorities and participants in the proceedings in accordance with the law of the case to determine the facts to be proved that needed to reach the standard or yardstick. Standard of criminal proof in our country has experienced a "spiritual evidence", "news experience understand, beyond reasonable doubt", "inner conviction", "clear facts, evidence really, fully," evolution "beyond reasonable doubt". The standard of "beyond reasonable doubt" originated in the eighteenth Century Anglo American countries, has a long history. The author thinks that the "reasonable doubt" refers to a normal rational person generated in accordance with normal human logical thinking and suspect any doubts about the proof of guilt. "Beyond reasonable doubt" is ruled out based on the common sense of the foundation, make a rational person feel hesitant to doubt, So as to achieve the inner conviction.
China's use of "beyond reasonable doubt" standard of proof is very necessary. Firstly, the proof standard of "beyond reasonable doubt" clear what is "the evidence is reliable and sufficient", it is proved by contradiction and trial and error method, the standard of proof is more clear, operability is enhanced. Secondly, "beyond reasonable because the standard of proof standard doubt" clear, which can constrain judicial behavior effectively, to reduce the miscarriages of justice. Once again, "beyond reasonable doubt" standard can also improve the judicial efficiency, save judicial resources and social resources, therefore our country adopted the standard is reasonable and necessary.
Standard of "beyond reasonable doubt" by the quality of judges and limitations in the application and practice of our country, the judge and the case of interest, morality, traditional thought, legal status, media speculation and other factors. In criminal cases, does not exclude reasonable doubt mainly are: the contradiction between the contradiction between the main evidence. The main evidence of guilt and the facts to be proved, the contradiction between the main evidence and experience rule, the illegal evidence has not been ruled out. According to reasonable doubt does not exclude the performance, so that reasonable doubt after the move, the supplementary investigation by timely, carefully screened to collect evidence, to make corrections or explanation. According to the suspected crime from unprincipled finally, when a reasonable doubt can not be excluded, the ideal result is acquitted or commuted his crime.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1571089