本文關(guān)鍵詞： 環(huán)境民事公益訴訟 特別程序 訴訟規(guī)則　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境風(fēng)險高發(fā)期的來臨,環(huán)境事故的直接受害對象生態(tài)利益的價值日益顯現(xiàn)和彰顯,對生態(tài)利益的保護(hù)催生了環(huán)境民事公益訴訟制度的產(chǎn)生和完善。隨著法律法規(guī)和司法解釋的不斷完善,環(huán)境民事公益訴訟制度的法律依據(jù)逐步得到解決,但其訴訟過程的特殊性在司法實踐中也逐漸凸顯,從而不斷檢驗著已有法律制度的適用性。為了更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的特殊需求,我們需要探索和逐步建立環(huán)境民事公益訴訟特別程序規(guī)則。這既是應(yīng)對社會變化的發(fā)展,滿足社會現(xiàn)實的需要,也是法的“回應(yīng)性”的體現(xiàn)。本文以環(huán)境民事公益訴訟特別程序規(guī)則中若干問題作為研究對象,分別是原告主體、法院管轄、證明責(zé)任和證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、判決和執(zhí)行等問題進(jìn)行研究。一是環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的原告主體資格。從國外立法例中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),各國很少采用單一的由某一社會主體行使訴權(quán),往往同時賦予幾個社會主體的訴權(quán),形成主輔關(guān)系,相互配合,解決生態(tài)利益受損的問題。對此,我國一方面應(yīng)當(dāng)對于社會組織提起環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的條件適當(dāng)放寬,還應(yīng)對相關(guān)社會組織提出環(huán)境民事公益訴訟給予正確的引導(dǎo)、鼓勵和支持;另一方面要進(jìn)一步明確檢察機(jī)關(guān)在環(huán)境民事公益訴訟案件中的角色,使得檢察機(jī)關(guān)發(fā)揮好直接起訴者、督促起訴者和支持起訴者三種角色;此外,有條件地賦予公民以及省級政府或由其指定的相關(guān)部門、機(jī)構(gòu)環(huán)境民事公益訴訟主體資格。二是環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的管轄制度。首先要完善級別管轄,規(guī)定級別管轄的下移條件,一方面要案件內(nèi)容較為清晰明確,審理難度不大,基層法院有相應(yīng)審理能力;另一方面則要保證中級人民法院下移環(huán)境民事公益訴訟案件還必須獲得當(dāng)事人的同意。在地域和專屬管轄方面,借鑒“長臂管轄”制度,將地域管轄和專屬管轄結(jié)合起來,積極發(fā)揮專屬管轄的作用和效果,但有環(huán)保法庭的地區(qū),在專屬管轄范圍之外享有管轄優(yōu)先權(quán)。三是關(guān)于環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和證明責(zé)任。應(yīng)借鑒大陸法系和英美法系的理論,從而在證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和證明責(zé)任分配上給予司法更好的指導(dǎo)。此外,在司法實踐中要注意提升原告的證明能力,使其在實質(zhì)上能夠和被告之間地位對等。對此,要明確檢察機(jī)關(guān)、相關(guān)部門等在證據(jù)收集上的協(xié)助義務(wù),明確法院自行收集證據(jù)的情形,并完善鑒定人制度。同時,通過心證公開和合議判定制度合理發(fā)揮法官自由裁量權(quán)。四是環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的判決和執(zhí)行。應(yīng)借鑒大陸法系中的環(huán)境修復(fù)制度,具體落實為被告的環(huán)境修復(fù)義務(wù)或者環(huán)境修復(fù)費用的支付義務(wù),在實際修復(fù)費用和法院判定修復(fù)費用不一致的情況下,還可以通過設(shè)置環(huán)境公益基金的方式來解決被告方無力支付修復(fù)費用的情況;要加強(qiáng)對生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)效果的管理和監(jiān)督,確保修復(fù)進(jìn)程和最終修復(fù)效果;進(jìn)一步完善相關(guān)配套措施,確保環(huán)境案件判決的嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行,完善執(zhí)行階段法官回訪制度,使得法官可以對于環(huán)境修復(fù)方案的具體實施過程定期進(jìn)行回訪,從而保證修復(fù)工作按期保質(zhì)完成。
[Abstract]:With the environmental risk coming, direct victims of environmental accidents and the ecological benefit value appears day by day and highlight the protection of ecological interest spawned and improve the environmental public interest litigation system. With the laws and regulations and judicial interpretations of the continuous improvement, the legal basis of environmental civil public interest litigation system gradually resolved, but the special litigation procedure in judicial practice gradually, so as to test the applicability of the existing legal system. In order to adapt to the special needs of the environmental public interest litigation better, we need to explore and gradually establish environmental public interest litigation special procedure rules. This development is to deal with social change, to meet the needs of social reality the law is "reflected response". Some problems with the special procedures of environmental civil public interest litigation rules as an object of study, Are the plaintiff, the jurisdiction of the court, the burden of proof and the standard of proof of judgment and execution. One is the environmental civil litigation plaintiff main qualifications. From the foreign legislative cases we found that countries rarely used by a single social subject exercising their right to appeal, right often also give several social main body, the formation of the main and auxiliary relations, cooperate with each other to solve the ecological interests problem. In this regard, China should be a social organization to initiate civil environmental public interest litigation conditions appropriate to relax, but also to deal with the relevant social organizations to environmental civil litigation to give correct guidance, encouragement and support; to further clarify the procuratorial organs in civil environmental public interest litigation in the case of the character on the other hand, the procuratorial organs play the direct prosecution, prosecutors and prosecutors urge support three roles; in addition, conditionally Citizens and the provincial government or its designated by the relevant departments, public interest litigation subject qualification of environmental civil institutions. Two is under the jurisdiction of civil environmental public interest litigation system. We should improve the level of jurisdiction, jurisdiction provisions down conditions, on the one hand to the contents of the case is clear, the trial is not difficult, the grass-roots court hearing ability; on the other hand, to ensure that the intermediate people's court down environmental civil litigation cases must obtain the consent of the parties. In the region and the exclusive jurisdiction, referring to the "long arm jurisdiction" system, the jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction together, play an active role and effect of exclusive jurisdiction, but the court for environmental protection areas, in addition to exclusive the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction enjoy priority. Three is the standard of proof of civil environmental public interest litigation and the burden of proof. Should learn from the continental law system and Anglo American law system The theory of justice to give better in the standard of proof and burden of proof on the guidance. In addition, in the judicial practice should pay attention to enhance the proof ability, which can in essence and the status of the other defendants. In this regard, to clear the prosecution, the relevant departments to assist the duty in the evidence collection, clear court to collect evidence, and improve the identification system. At the same time, through publicity and collegial judgment system play the discretion of the judge. The four is the reasonable judgment and execution of environmental civil public interest litigation. Should draw lessons from the environmental restoration system in continental law system, the concrete implementation of the defendant's obligation to pay for environmental remediation obligations or environmental remediation in the actual costs, repair costs and repair costs, the court is inconsistent, can also set up environmental public fund to solve the defendant to pay the repair Complex cost; to strengthen the management and supervision of environmental remediation effect, ensure the repair process and final repair effect; further improve the relevant supporting measures to ensure strict implementation of environmental cases, improve the implementation of the system of judge visit stage, regular visits to the implementation process of the judges for environmental remediation programs, so as to ensure the repair the work to be completed with quality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.1;D922.68

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