本文關(guān)鍵詞： 刑事缺席審判 本土化構(gòu)建 比較法視野　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：缺席審判作為對(duì)席審判的例外，在我國(guó)《民事訴訟法》和《行政訴訟法中》都有相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，而在現(xiàn)行的《刑事訴訟法》中為了嚴(yán)格貫徹訴訟參與原則,確保訴訟公正,對(duì)刑事缺席審判制度未作出明確規(guī)定。立法者之所以這樣，主要是考慮到刑事訴訟法的特殊性：刑事訴訟涉及到公民的生命、自由和財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益，相對(duì)于行使公權(quán)力的公訴人來(lái)說(shuō)，刑事被告人基本上處于弱勢(shì)地位，，對(duì)案件實(shí)行缺席審判有可能不利于被告人，破壞被告人利益，從而導(dǎo)致裁判結(jié)果不公正。然而伴隨著刑事訴訟理論與實(shí)踐的進(jìn)一步深入，法官的中立性和公正性不斷凸顯，對(duì)刑事缺席審判制度的絕對(duì)禁止開(kāi)始被動(dòng)搖。通過(guò)研究諸多國(guó)家的刑事訴訟法不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，刑事缺席審判已經(jīng)成為了一項(xiàng)較為普遍的刑事訴訟程序。 引言部分：對(duì)于缺席審判制度，我國(guó)刑事訴訟法沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定，當(dāng)犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人逃跑、死亡或者喪失訴訟行為能力的情形出現(xiàn)，訴訟就必須要中止或終止。修改后的刑訴法增加了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件違法所得的沒(méi)收程序，解決了部分案件中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿或者死亡違法所得的沒(méi)收問(wèn)題，但是該程序未經(jīng)過(guò)定罪程序而直接沒(méi)收違法所得及其他涉案財(cái)產(chǎn)的特殊程序，還存在很多局限性，故筆者的觀點(diǎn)是：我國(guó)還是應(yīng)該建立刑事缺席審判制度。 正文包括以下三部分：第一部分論述了刑事缺席審判的定義以及特征。綜合刑法界三種不同的理解，得出刑事缺席審判的定義和特征。分析了刑事缺席審判直接言辭程序、“缺席”僅適用于刑事被告人、不具有制裁和懲罰性質(zhì)等三大特征。第二部分，比較法視野中世界主要國(guó)家和地區(qū)刑事缺席審判的立法、司法現(xiàn)狀。從比較法的角度對(duì)比分析了大陸法系、英美法系以及我國(guó)部分地區(qū)刑事缺席審判的立法、司法現(xiàn)狀。第三部分，刑事訴訟缺席審判的本土化構(gòu)建。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)缺席審判制度實(shí)施狀況，探討我國(guó)構(gòu)建本土化的刑事缺席審判制度的必要性。介紹我國(guó)適用刑事缺席審判的案件范圍，設(shè)想我國(guó)刑事缺席審判的程序設(shè)計(jì)以及刑事缺席審判制度的相關(guān)保障機(jī)制。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分：作者個(gè)人認(rèn)為，對(duì)設(shè)置刑事缺席審判“度”的把握是最關(guān)鍵的，也是最難的，不是我們簡(jiǎn)單的幾點(diǎn)論述所能妥善解決的，需要長(zhǎng)期的實(shí)踐以及持續(xù)的模式，期望我國(guó)能夠早日建立完善的刑事缺席審判制度。
[Abstract]:As an exception to the trial by default, there are corresponding provisions in the Civil procedure Law and the Administrative procedure Law of our country, while in the present Criminal procedure Law, in order to strictly implement the principle of participation in the proceedings and ensure the fairness of the proceedings, There is no clear provision for the system of criminal trial in absentia. The legislator mainly takes into account the particularity of the criminal procedure law: criminal proceedings involve the life, liberty and property rights of citizens, Compared with the public prosecutor who exercises public power, the criminal defendant is basically in a weak position. The trial in absentia may be harmful to the defendant and destroy the interests of the defendant. However, with the further deepening of the theory and practice of criminal procedure, the neutrality and impartiality of the judge are becoming more and more prominent. By studying the criminal procedure law of many countries, it is not difficult to find that the criminal trial by default has become a relatively common criminal procedure procedure. Introduction: with regard to the system of trial in absentia, the Criminal procedure Law of our country does not clearly stipulate that when a criminal suspect or accused person escapes, dies or loses capacity for litigation, The amended Criminal procedure Law increases the procedures for the confiscation of criminal suspects, the escape of the accused, and the illegal proceeds of death cases, and resolves the criminal suspects in some cases. The defendant escaped or died for the confiscation of illegal gains, but the special procedure for the direct confiscation of illegal proceeds and other property involved in the case without going through the conviction procedure still has many limitations. Therefore, the author's view is: our country should establish the criminal trial system in absentia. The text includes the following three parts: the first part discusses the definition and characteristics of criminal trial in absentia. The definition and characteristics of criminal trial in absentia are obtained. The direct verbal procedure of criminal trial in absentia is analyzed. "absentia" is only applicable to the criminal defendant and does not have the characteristics of sanction and punishment. Part two, From the perspective of comparative law, the legislation and judicial status of criminal trial in absentia in major countries and regions of the world are compared and analyzed from the angle of comparative law, including the legislation of civil law system, common law system and some regions of our country. The third part, the localization of criminal trial by default. This paper probes into the necessity of constructing a native criminal trial system in absentia, introduces the scope of cases applicable to criminal trial by default in our country, and conceive the procedure design of criminal trial by default in our country and the relevant guarantee mechanism of the system of criminal trial by default. Conclusion: the author personally believes that the "degree" of setting up a criminal trial in absentia is the most critical and the most difficult. It is not something that can be properly solved by our simple discussion. It requires long-term practice and a sustained pattern. We hope that our country can establish a perfect system of criminal trial in absentia as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.2

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本文編號(hào)：1517880