本文關鍵詞： 刑事錯案 刑事審判監(jiān)督程序 完善　出處：《四川省社會科學院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在刑事訴訟中，審判監(jiān)督程序雖然只是一種特殊程序，它做為刑事訴訟中的一種救濟機制，不具有普通程序的普遍適用性。但是，在長期的司法實踐中，刑事審判監(jiān)督程序對于糾正司法錯誤起到了獨到的作用。因此，刑事審判監(jiān)督程序在刑事訴訟的制度體系中占有重要地位。 近些年來，屢有重大刑事錯案被媒體披露，有些刑事錯案甚至十數(shù)年未得到糾正，而一些重大錯案的糾正竟是依賴于真兇的出現(xiàn)或死者的復活，而并非通過正常途徑的刑事審判監(jiān)督程序獲得，如浙江蕭山五青年殺害出租汽車司機案，多年后真兇出現(xiàn)；遼寧黑山劉凱利殺害少女案，一個叫劉鐵軍的死刑犯臨刑前在遺書中說明此案是自己所為，17年后，劉凱利由原先被判死緩改判無罪等等，一個個重大刑事錯案，雖然發(fā)生率不高，但因長期得不到糾正，，當事人被嚴重錯判甚至錯殺，導致社會影響惡劣，這一切，使刑事審判監(jiān)督程序飽受詬病。 人們認為，重大錯案、冤案得不到及時有效的糾正，對當事人、對司法公正和社會正義都將造成嚴重傷害。盡管刑事錯案的發(fā)生在任何社會、任何國家都難以避免。但如何對待刑事錯案是考量一個國家法治發(fā)展水平的重要因素。對此，我們不能以“一事不再理原則和既判力理論”，阻礙刑事錯案的發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正。當然，盡管刑事錯案的發(fā)生極大地削弱了人們對司法公正的信心，但從另一個角度看，卻也為改革司法體制提供了憑證和機會。我們可以從刑事錯案中尋找推動司法改革的現(xiàn)實方法。 作為刑事訴訟法中的刑事審判監(jiān)督程序又稱刑事再審程序，是對已生效裁判的重新審查及審理，對審判機關業(yè)已作出的錯誤裁決進行糾正，以達到保障公民的合法權益、實現(xiàn)司法的最終公正的目的。刑事再審程序的有效執(zhí)行將在對司法機關形象和權威的維護，增強人民群眾對國家司法機關的信任，以及全社會對法律的尊重等方面起到非常重要的作用。但目前，在我國的司法實踐中仍存在著諸多問題,影響了刑事審判監(jiān)督功能正常、有效的發(fā)揮。 本文正是因近期披露的一系列刑事錯案引發(fā)的司法思考，借鑒國外刑事再審制度的理念和做法，根據(jù)我國社會的司法理念、實踐經(jīng)驗等，剖析我國刑事審判監(jiān)督程序中存在的問題，并從刑事申訴、再審啟動、再審事由、再審機構等多方面提出完善我國刑事審判監(jiān)督程序的對策建議。
[Abstract]:In criminal proceedings, the trial supervision procedures, although it is only a special program, it is a kind of relief mechanism in criminal litigation, does not have the universal applicability of the ordinary procedure. However, in the long-term judicial practice, criminal trial supervision procedure to a unique role to correct the judicial error. Therefore, important the status of the system of criminal trial supervision procedure in criminal proceedings.
In recent years, frequently a major criminal misjudged case was disclosed by the media, some criminal misjudged cases or even more than a decade has been corrected, and some misjudged cases correct actually appear to depend on the murderer or the resurrection of the dead, but not in the normal way of criminal trial supervision procedure, such as the Zhejiang Xiaoshan five young taxi driver killed the murderer case. After years of Liaoning Montenegro; Liu Kaili murdered girl case, Liu Tiejun called a death row before his death in a suicide note that in the case of their own, after 17 years, from the original Liu Kaili pipansihuan commuted innocence and so on, a major Criminal Misjudged case, although the incidence is not high, but because of the long-term not correct the party was a big mistake, even wrong to kill, cause social adverse effects, all of this, the criminal trial supervision procedure criticized.
People think that misjudged cases are not timely and effective, unjust case correction, the parties, the judicial justice and social justice will cause serious injury. Despite the occurrence of criminal crime in any society, it is difficult for any country to avoid. But how to deal with the Criminal Misjudged Case is an important factor of a national development level of the rule by law. In this regard, we cannot use the "idem principle and the theory of res judicata, hinder the Criminal Misjudged Case found and corrected. Of course, despite greatly misjudged criminal cases weakened people's confidence in the administration of justice, but from another point of view, but also provides vouchers and opportunities for the reform of the judicial system. You can find a realistic approach to promoting judicial reform from the Criminal Misjudged Case.
As the criminal procedure law in the criminal trial supervision procedure and criminal retrial procedure, is to re examination and hearing the effective judgment, judicial organs have made the wrong decision to correct, in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, realize justice eventually. The purpose of the effective implementation of the criminal retrial procedure in maintenance the image and authority of the judiciary, the judicial organs of the state to enhance people's trust, plays a very important role in the whole society and respect for the law and so on. But at present, in the judicial practice of our country there are still many problems, affecting the function of criminal trial supervision, effectively.
This is caused by a series of judicial consideration of Criminal Misjudged Cases recently disclosed, referring to the criminal retrial system of foreign ideas and practices, according to China's social justice concept, practical experience, analyzes the existing problems in the criminal trial supervision procedure, and from the criminal appeal, retrial, retrial, retrial mechanism etc. many aspects put forward countermeasures and suggestions of perfecting the criminal trial supervision procedure.

【學位授予單位】：四川省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1480986