本文關(guān)鍵詞： 未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度 未成年前科消滅制度 法律銜接　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：有貴州省黔南州甕安縣"6.28"事件與李天一案件造成的巨大影響,引起了社會(huì)各階層對(duì)未成年人犯罪案件的關(guān)注。尤其是司法界關(guān)于如何審判未成年人案件,既能夠讓未成年犯罪人得到應(yīng)有的懲罰,又能夠幫助他們重新融入社會(huì),產(chǎn)生了激烈的討論。隨著一系列關(guān)于未成年人犯罪應(yīng)該如何處理文件的出臺(tái)以及一些地區(qū)的司法實(shí)務(wù)部門對(duì)未成年人違法與輕罪的消除制度進(jìn)行實(shí)踐探索之后,新《刑事訴訟法》從中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn),本著"教育、感化、挽救"方針是我國(guó)刑事立法與政策一貫強(qiáng)調(diào)的辦理未成年人刑事案件應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守的基本準(zhǔn)則,規(guī)定了未成年犯罪記錄封存制度。第275條規(guī)定:"犯罪的時(shí)候不滿18周歲,被判處5年有期徒刑以下刑罰的,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)相關(guān)犯罪記錄予以封存。犯罪記錄封存的,不得向任何單位和個(gè)人提供,但司法機(jī)關(guān)為辦案需要或者有關(guān)單位根據(jù)國(guó)家規(guī)定進(jìn)行查詢的除外。依法進(jìn)行查詢的單位,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)被封存的犯罪記錄情況予以保密。"此制度雖然較之前相比已經(jīng)有了很大的進(jìn)步,但從制度本身及與其他國(guó)家的制度相比較還是具有很多缺陷。本文首先介紹立法背景與試點(diǎn)取得的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn),從而引出未成年犯罪記錄封存制度的產(chǎn)生。再對(duì)未成年犯罪記錄封存制度的概念進(jìn)行介紹,在法律體系中與刑法、刑事訴訟法、民事、行政法中相關(guān)的法條進(jìn)行分析,并研究我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)未成年犯罪記錄封存制度的運(yùn)用,發(fā)現(xiàn)未成年犯罪記錄封存制度的存在各部門法條之間不能銜接的缺陷以及在實(shí)際操作中程序混亂的問(wèn)題。再研究國(guó)外法律對(duì)未成年犯罪記錄的規(guī)定,例如:大陸法系中德國(guó)與法國(guó)與此制度相關(guān)的法條,與英美法系中美國(guó)、英國(guó)與此制度相關(guān)的法條。并與我國(guó)未成年犯罪記錄封存制度進(jìn)行比較,來(lái)分析我國(guó)此制度造成缺陷的原因以及哪些關(guān)于此制度的國(guó)外法律是可以移植到本國(guó)的。最后,針對(duì)以上內(nèi)容,進(jìn)行分析,了解其缺陷,再提出幾點(diǎn)建議來(lái)彌補(bǔ)未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度的缺陷。完善我國(guó)未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度并為以后的未成年前科消滅制度打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:There is the "6.28" incident in Weng'an County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, and the huge impact caused by Li Tianyi's case. It has aroused the attention of all social strata on juvenile delinquency cases, especially on how to try juvenile cases in the judicial field, which can not only make juvenile offenders get due punishment. And can help them reintegrate into society. With a series of juvenile delinquency how to deal with the introduction of documents and judicial practice departments in some regions of the elimination of juvenile delinquency and misdemeanor system after the practice of exploration. The new Criminal procedure Law draws experience from it and is based on the policy of "Education, Correction and Rescue", which is the basic principle that our criminal legislation and policy should always emphasize in handling juvenile criminal cases. Article 275 states: "if the crime is committed at the time of the offence, it is under the age of 18 and is sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years." The relevant criminal records shall be sealed up. Where the criminal records are sealed up, they may not be provided to any unit or individual. Except where the judicial organ needs to handle a case or the units concerned carry out inquiries in accordance with the provisions of the state, the units conducting inquiries according to law. Sealed criminal records should be kept confidential... "this system, although much better than before. But from the system itself and compared with the system of other countries there are still many defects. Firstly, this paper introduces the legislative background and some experience gained from the pilot project. It also introduces the concept of juvenile criminal record sealing system in the legal system, criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law. This paper analyzes the relevant articles of administrative law and studies the application of the system of sealing and keeping juvenile criminal records in the judicial practice of our country. Found the existence of juvenile criminal records seal system between the various departments can not link up between the defects and in the actual operation of the problem of confusion. Then study the provisions of foreign laws on juvenile criminal records. For example: in the civil law system, Germany and France are related to this system, and the United States and the United Kingdom in the common law system are related to this system. To analyze the causes of the defects of this system in our country and which foreign laws on this system can be transplanted to our country. Finally, in view of the above content, we analyze and understand its defects. Then some suggestions are put forward to make up for the defects of the system of closing and storing juvenile criminal records, to perfect the system of closing and storing juvenile criminal records in China and to lay a good foundation for the elimination system of juvenile criminal record in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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