【摘要】： 由于歷史和立法發(fā)展的種種原因，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律中沒(méi)有“物權(quán)”這個(gè)詞。而正因?yàn)槿绱�，《海商法》中就沒(méi)有“船舶物權(quán)”這個(gè)詞，對(duì)船舶物權(quán)的規(guī)定也是不系統(tǒng)的。1999年定稿的《中國(guó)物權(quán)法草案建議稿》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《物權(quán)法建議稿》)雖然在以后的審議中被否決了，但其提出的許多現(xiàn)行法律中沒(méi)有的概念和規(guī)定，對(duì)于我們研究船舶物權(quán)有著一定的借鑒作用。本文以《物權(quán)法建議稿》為依照，對(duì)船舶物權(quán)的一些問(wèn)題做了淺顯的探討。 本文采用了比較研究的方法，對(duì)《海商法》與《物權(quán)法建議稿》中不同的規(guī)定，，以及《物權(quán)法建議稿》有而《海商法》沒(méi)有的規(guī)定作出了比較，并得出結(jié)論。 本文共分為五大部分。 第一部分探討了《海商法》中建立船舶物權(quán)的必要性。在這一部分，筆者從大陸法系各主要國(guó)家及我國(guó)的物權(quán)法的理論研究及立法發(fā)展的歷史入手，探討了船舶物權(quán)的立法歷史以及《海商法》立法對(duì)于建立船舶物權(quán)概念的需求。結(jié)論是《海商法》中建立“船舶物權(quán)”的概念是一個(gè)無(wú)法回避的課題，我國(guó)在建立物權(quán)概念的同時(shí)，應(yīng)建立“船舶物權(quán)”的概念。 第二部分是所有權(quán)部分，在這一部分共提出三個(gè)問(wèn)題。即，一、我國(guó)《海商法》應(yīng)建立什么樣的船舶所有權(quán)概念。結(jié)論是我國(guó)應(yīng)建立的船舶所有權(quán)的概念應(yīng)當(dāng)是采用抽象概括式的概念而不應(yīng)該是具體列舉式的概念。二、建造中的船舶所有權(quán)的問(wèn)題。本文首先結(jié)合《物權(quán)法建議稿》對(duì)物的定義，論述了建造中的船舶應(yīng)建立以及可以建立所有權(quán)概念，然后闡述了建造中的船舶所有權(quán)的取得與公示。三、探討了《物權(quán)法建議稿》取消“共同共有”而代之為份額相等的“按份共有”，這一規(guī)定對(duì)于船舶抵押權(quán)以及他物權(quán)的設(shè)定的影響。 第三部分是船舶的抵押權(quán)方面的問(wèn)題。在這個(gè)部分也討論了三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是第三人是否可以成為船舶抵押的抵押人的問(wèn)題。據(jù)《海商法》的規(guī)定可推知，在船舶抵押中第三人不能用自己的船舶為他人的債務(wù)做擔(dān)保。但據(jù)《物權(quán)法建議稿》規(guī)定并依法理分析，結(jié)論是這種限制完全沒(méi)有必要。第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是抵押權(quán)的“不可分性”是否適用于船舶抵押權(quán)。《物權(quán)法建議稿》規(guī)定有抵押權(quán)的“不可分性”，而《海商法》規(guī)定有抵押權(quán)的部分轉(zhuǎn)移。通過(guò)分析，建議從《物權(quán)法建議稿》的規(guī)定。第三問(wèn)題是抵押權(quán)的物上代位權(quán)的規(guī)定是否適用于船舶物權(quán)。結(jié)論是船舶滅失后的物上代位物的范圍應(yīng)包括《物權(quán)法建議稿》規(guī)定的范圍。 第四部分是關(guān)于船舶留置權(quán)中的問(wèn)題。首先是《物權(quán)法建議稿》中關(guān)于留置權(quán)的善意取得的規(guī)定是否適用于船舶留置權(quán)，結(jié)論是造船人或修船人對(duì)其根據(jù)造 船合同或修船合同所占有的船舶或“合同另一方”交付建造或修理的船舶得享有 留置權(quán)，不必非得“善意”。第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是船舶留置權(quán)是否具有物上代位性，結(jié) 論是應(yīng)承認(rèn)船舶滅失后債權(quán)人留置權(quán)的物上代位性。 第五部分是優(yōu)先權(quán)是否應(yīng)被規(guī)定為一種擔(dān)保物權(quán)。結(jié)論是船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)根據(jù)其 性質(zhì)應(yīng)定性為一種擔(dān)保物權(quán)，在《海商法》修改時(shí)，若能將“船舶物權(quán)”列為單 獨(dú)的一章，則應(yīng)把船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)歸入擔(dān)保物權(quán)的范圍內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:Due to the various reasons of the development of history and legislation, there is no "real right" in our current laws. In this case, there is no "real right of ship" in the Code of Maritime Law, and the regulation of the real right of the ship is not systematic. The draft of the draft of China's real right law, which was finalized in 1999 (hereinafter referred to as the "Law of the Property Law"), was rejected in future deliberations. However, there are no concepts and regulations in many existing laws, which can be used to study the real right of ship. This paper has made a brief discussion on some of the problems of the real right of the ship in accordance with the proposed draft of the Property Law. In this paper, the methods of comparative study are adopted, and the provisions of the "Maritime Law> and the Recommendations for the Law of the Property Law", as well as the "Recommendations for the Property Law", are made in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Non-Maritime Law. A comparison is made and a conclusion is drawn. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part discusses the necessity of establishing the real right of the ship in the Code of Maritime Law. In this part, the author discusses the ship from the main countries of the civil law system and the theory of the real right law in China and the history of the development of the legislation. The legislative history of real right and the need to establish the concept of the real right of the ship by the legislation of the Maritime Law> The conclusion is that the concept of establishing the "real right of ship" in the Maritime Law is an unavoidable topic, and in the meantime, the concept of the real right should be established and the "real right of ship". The second part is the part of ownership There are three questions in this part. That is, what kind of ship ownership concept should be established in China The conclusion is that I The concept of the ownership of the ship to be established should In this paper, the concept of abstract generalization is adopted, and the concept of specific enumeration is not supposed to be. Secondly, the problem of ship ownership in construction is discussed. The article first combines the definition of the article and the definition of the object, and discusses the construction. The ship of the medium should be established and the concept of ownership can be established, then the acquisition and publicity of the ownership of the ship in the construction are set forth. re by share", This provision is for the mortgage of the ship and the real right of the ship. The effect of the setting. The third part is the mortgage of the ship The first question is whether the third person can be a ship The issue of a mortgage on a mortgage. It may be inferred that the third person in the ship's mortgage does not To make a guarantee for the debts of others with their own ship, but according to the Recommendations of the Property Law, and in accordance with the law, the conclusion is that the restriction is not absolutely necessary. The second question is whether the "inseparability" of the right to mortgage is applicable to the mortgage of the ship. The "trunk of the mortgage" is" ineparbi " ity ", and the part of the mortgage Transfer. Through the analysis, it is suggested that from the provisions of the draft of the Property Law, the third question is the object of the mortgage. Whether the provisions of the right of subrogation are applicable to the real right of the ship. The scope of the replacement of the ship after the loss of the ship shall include the scope of the proposed draft of the Property Law. The fourth part is on the ship. The question in the lien of a ship. First of all, whether the provisions on the good faith of the lien apply to the liens of the ship, and the conclusion is that the ship-builder or the ship-builders have the right to make a lien on it. A ship or "the other party of the Contract " Delivery Build or Repair The ship shall have a lien, and it is not necessary 寰

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