【摘要】：營業(yè)強(qiáng)調(diào)商事主體和客體之間的歸屬關(guān)系，客觀意義上的營業(yè)即為營業(yè)資產(chǎn)，也為營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓的客體，更是一般債權(quán)人的擔(dān)保價值基礎(chǔ)之所在，債權(quán)人在營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓的契約關(guān)系中處于弱勢地位，現(xiàn)有民商法制度已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)營業(yè)實(shí)踐發(fā)展的需要，更不能給予營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓中的債權(quán)人以完善的保護(hù)。本文一共分為以下五個部分。 第一部分，介紹了營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓的基本制度，，為下文做鋪墊。分析了營業(yè)資產(chǎn)的自身特點(diǎn)以及營業(yè)資產(chǎn)與債務(wù)的關(guān)系，將營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓與相似的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為進(jìn)行比較分析，進(jìn)一步總結(jié)出營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓的特點(diǎn)。 第二部分，主要論述對債權(quán)人進(jìn)行保護(hù)的必要性。首先，社會責(zé)任要求商主體在營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓時考慮到處于弱勢地位的債權(quán)人的利益。其次，對債權(quán)人進(jìn)行保護(hù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對商法效率優(yōu)先原則的矯正，保障基本的交易安全。最后，將債權(quán)人在交易中所處的信息弱勢地位和在營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓中所面臨的特殊交易、道德風(fēng)險進(jìn)行了論述。 第三部分，主要討論營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓中的債務(wù)移轉(zhuǎn)承擔(dān)規(guī)則。對各國的立法例進(jìn)行梳理和探討，同時從我國目前的法律規(guī)定中分析出我國所適用的規(guī)則，即除非債權(quán)人與轉(zhuǎn)讓雙方有約定，一概由受讓人承擔(dān)。 第四部分，從民事法律、商主體法以及國有企業(yè)改制相關(guān)立法三個方面，將我國對營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓中債權(quán)人的保護(hù)制度進(jìn)行了梳理，結(jié)合前三部分推論出，我國目前相關(guān)立法存在一些困境和缺陷，傳統(tǒng)民法進(jìn)行保護(hù)之法理基礎(chǔ)不符，商事主體立法中對營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓中債權(quán)人保護(hù)制度缺失，國有企業(yè)改制相關(guān)立法存在責(zé)任移轉(zhuǎn)承擔(dān)規(guī)則不合法理。 第五部分，嘗試以商事通則的模式來構(gòu)建對營業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓對債權(quán)人進(jìn)行保護(hù)的制度，引入商事公告制度以及法國的支付異議權(quán)、競價權(quán)來保障債權(quán)人的知情權(quán)，提出了公司債券持有人自我救濟(jì)機(jī)制的運(yùn)用以及對未來債權(quán)人的保護(hù)建議。
[Abstract]:Business emphasizes the relationship between the subject and object of business. In an objective sense, business is not only the business assets, but also the object of business transfer, which is the basis of the guarantee value of the general creditor. Creditors are in a weak position in the contractual relationship of business assignment, and the existing civil and commercial law system can not meet the needs of the development of business practice, let alone give perfect protection to the creditors in the business transfer. This paper is divided into the following five parts. The first part introduces the basic system of business transfer, which paves the way for the following. This paper analyzes the characteristics of business assets and the relationship between business assets and debts, compares business transfer with similar economic behaviors, and further summarizes the characteristics of business transfer. The second part mainly discusses the necessity of creditor protection. First of all, social responsibility requires the subject to take into account the interests of the creditors in a weak position. Secondly, the creditor should be protected, the principle of commercial law efficiency should be rectified, and the basic transaction security should be guaranteed. Finally, the paper discusses the weak position of the creditor in the transaction and the special transaction in the business transfer, moral hazard. The third part mainly discusses the rules of transfer and commitment of debts in business transfer. At the same time, the author analyzes the applicable rules of our country from the current legal provisions of our country, that is, unless the creditor and the transferor agree, the transferee shall bear all the rules. The fourth part, from the civil law, the commercial subject law and the state-owned enterprise reform related legislation three aspects, has carried on the combing to our country to the business assignment creditor protection system, unifies the first three parts to infer, At present, there are some difficulties and defects in the relevant legislation of our country, the legal basis of the protection of traditional civil law is not consistent, and the system of creditor protection in the legislation of commercial subject is absent. State-owned enterprises reform related legislation exists responsibility transfer assume rule is not legal. In the fifth part, the author tries to construct the system of protecting the creditors by the commercial general rules, and introduces the commercial announcement system and the French right of dissent to pay, and the right of bidding to protect the creditors' right to know. This paper puts forward the application of self-relief mechanism for corporate bondholders and the protection of future creditors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.3

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