【摘要】：作為最古老的海上人為風(fēng)險(xiǎn),海盜始終伴隨著人類(lèi)的航�；顒�(dòng)和海上貿(mào)易。而且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和國(guó)際貿(mào)易長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,殺人越貨式的傳統(tǒng)海盜,現(xiàn)今已發(fā)展為搶劫船貨、扣押人質(zhì)而要求贖金的現(xiàn)代海盜。面對(duì)強(qiáng)索贖金的現(xiàn)代海盜,傳統(tǒng)海盜的承保責(zé)任及方式已不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代海盜所造成的海盜風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)和要求。 本文擬分五個(gè)部分對(duì)海盜贖金進(jìn)行分析研究。 第一部分,從海盜的起源及發(fā)展入手,對(duì)海盜贖金的定義、特征和種類(lèi)進(jìn)行分析,強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)海盜與現(xiàn)代海盜的區(qū)別,提出我國(guó)海商法應(yīng)對(duì)海盜行為作出明確界定,并明確船舶贖金、貨物贖金和人員贖金的三種分類(lèi)。 第二部分,對(duì)支付海盜贖金的合法性進(jìn)行研究。首先對(duì)贖金支付的條件和原則進(jìn)行分析,其次比較國(guó)外法律對(duì)海盜贖金所持不同觀點(diǎn),辨析英國(guó)和美國(guó)對(duì)海盜贖金所持的立場(chǎng)。再次,根據(jù)目前各國(guó)對(duì)海盜贖金的不同態(tài)度,即合法與非法之爭(zhēng)的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合我國(guó)尚無(wú)法律明確規(guī)定的現(xiàn)狀,提出我國(guó)通過(guò)修改法律或出臺(tái)相關(guān)司法解釋的方式,確立海盜贖金支付的合法性。 第三部分,對(duì)與海盜贖金相關(guān)保險(xiǎn)之現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析。首先對(duì)不同國(guó)家現(xiàn)有船舶保險(xiǎn)制度下的船舶保險(xiǎn)對(duì)海盜風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承保情況進(jìn)行比較研究；其次對(duì)不同國(guó)家貨物保險(xiǎn)制度下的貨物保險(xiǎn)對(duì)海盜風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承保情況進(jìn)行比較研究；再次對(duì)船東互保協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)海盜風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行探析；最后,介紹水險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的新發(fā)展——海盜贖金險(xiǎn)。 第四部分,對(duì)海盜贖金險(xiǎn)的承保范圍進(jìn)行研究,指出海盜贖金險(xiǎn)應(yīng)承保的危險(xiǎn),應(yīng)承保的的損失及其除外責(zé)任。 第五部分,通過(guò)上述分析,并結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律的實(shí)際,建議首先應(yīng)創(chuàng)設(shè)海盜贖金險(xiǎn),以解決因海盜贖金支付而產(chǎn)生的各種費(fèi)用的分?jǐn)傠y題。其次,如果在新險(xiǎn)種創(chuàng)設(shè)困難的情況下,結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)有保險(xiǎn)制度,建議擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)的承保范圍,將海盜贖金納入特別戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)承保。最后,如果在前二種方式都難實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況下,建議將海盜贖金納入保賠保險(xiǎn)承保,解決商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)不愿承保的難題。
[Abstract]:As the oldest man-made risk at sea, piracy has always been accompanied by human navigation and maritime trade. Moreover, with the rapid development of economic globalization and international trade, the traditional pirates of killing and overloading have developed into modern pirates who rob ships, take hostages and demand ransom. In the face of the modern pirates demanding ransom, the traditional pirates' underwriting liability and methods can not adapt to the piracy risk caused by the modern pirates, which puts forward new challenges and requirements for the insurance industry of our country. This paper is divided into five parts to analyze the pirate ransom. The first part, starting with the origin and development of pirates, analyzes the definition, characteristics and types of piracy ransom, emphasizes the difference between traditional pirates and modern pirates, and points out that the maritime law of our country should clearly define piracy. The classification of ship ransoms, cargo ransoms and personnel ransoms is clarified. The second part studies the legality of paying pirate ransom. This paper first analyzes the conditions and principles of ransom payment, then compares the different viewpoints of foreign law on pirate ransom, and analyzes the stand of the United Kingdom and the United States on the ransom of pirates. Thirdly, according to the different attitudes of various countries to pirate ransom at present, that is, the issue of legal and illegal disputes, combined with the current situation of our country which has not yet been clearly stipulated by law, this paper puts forward the way of our country through amending the law or issuing relevant judicial interpretation. Establish the legitimacy of pirate ransom payment. The third part analyzes the current situation of pirate ransom insurance. Firstly, the paper makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by ship insurance under the existing ship insurance system of different countries, and then makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by cargo insurance under the cargo insurance system of different countries. Finally, it introduces the new development of the water insurance market-pirate ransom insurance. In the fourth part, the author studies the coverage of pirate ransom insurance, and points out the risks, losses and their exclusions that should be covered by pirate ransom insurance. In the fifth part, through the above analysis and combining with the reality of our country's current law, it is suggested that the pirate ransom insurance should be created first in order to solve the problem of apportioning all kinds of expenses arising from the payment of pirate ransoms. Secondly, if it is difficult to create new types of insurance, combined with the existing insurance system in China, it is proposed to expand the coverage of existing war risk, and to include pirate ransom in special war risk insurance. Finally, if the first two methods are difficult to achieve, it is suggested that pirate ransoms be included in the insurable insurance to solve the problem that commercial insurance is unwilling to underwrite.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.284

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本文編號(hào)：2376137