【摘要】： 隨著國際貿(mào)易和現(xiàn)代物流的不斷發(fā)展，國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸專業(yè)化分工的不斷細(xì)化，無船承運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)已經(jīng)成為國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸不可或缺的重要組成部分。尤其是在集裝箱運(yùn)輸和國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)蓬勃發(fā)展的今天，無船承運(yùn)人制度的重要地位與作用日益彰顯。2002年1月1日，《中華人民共和國國際海運(yùn)條例》正式生效，確立了我國的無船承運(yùn)人制度。 《國際海運(yùn)條例》實(shí)施七年多來，我國無船承運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)入了一個迅速和規(guī)范發(fā)展的時期，無船承運(yùn)人隊伍不斷發(fā)展壯大，國際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)在從事代理人和承運(yùn)人兩種不同性質(zhì)的業(yè)務(wù)時曾經(jīng)存在的角色混淆、法律責(zé)任不清等問題基本得到解決。但是，一種新制度從產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展到成熟需要一個過程，在其實(shí)施過程中不可避免的存在認(rèn)識上的分歧和制度上的不健全，需要在發(fā)展中不斷完善，在研究中不斷成熟。 本文以《中華人民共和國海商法》、《中華人民共和國國際海運(yùn)條例》、美國《1984年航運(yùn)法》、《1998年航運(yùn)改革法》等法律法規(guī)為理論依托，借鑒相關(guān)國際慣例，通過比較對相關(guān)法律問題展開研究。全文共由四章組成。 第一章主要介紹有關(guān)無船承運(yùn)人制度的沿革。在概述了無船承運(yùn)人的歷史淵源與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，通過介紹美國無船承運(yùn)人制度以及該制度在我國的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展，闡明了雖然我國移植了該項首見于美國的法律制度，但無船承運(yùn)人作為一個獨(dú)立的海運(yùn)主體在各國海運(yùn)實(shí)踐中的出現(xiàn)，是海運(yùn)全球化發(fā)展的實(shí)踐結(jié)果，而非一個簡單的延續(xù)美國法律的過程。 第二章首先探討了無船承運(yùn)人的業(yè)務(wù)范圍與主要業(yè)務(wù)流程，然后在對比了中美兩國相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對無船承運(yùn)人法律地位界定的異同的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了無船承運(yùn)人的雙重身份，明確了無船承運(yùn)人的法律地位，并分別從無船承運(yùn)人作為承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人的角度分析了無船承運(yùn)人在不同的法律關(guān)系中表現(xiàn)出的身份特點(diǎn)及其與國際貨運(yùn)服務(wù)經(jīng)營者、國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人等的關(guān)系。 第三章著重介紹了美國無船承運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)的管理制度和在借鑒并移植美國相關(guān)制度基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的我國無船承運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)管理制度。并針對存在的問題提出了看法。 第四章，筆者就無船承運(yùn)實(shí)務(wù)中具有典型性的問題展開討論。重點(diǎn)分析了無船承運(yùn)人的貨物留置權(quán)，無船承運(yùn)人的海事賠償責(zé)任限制以及責(zé)任保險制度等問題。 本文主要運(yùn)用比較分析的方法，結(jié)合中外法律、國際慣例對無船承運(yùn)人的相關(guān)規(guī)定，對無船承運(yùn)人的定義、特征、法律地位以及監(jiān)管制度、實(shí)務(wù)中的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了較為深入細(xì)致的探討，，力求為完善我國的無船承運(yùn)人法律制度提供有益的建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of international trade and modern logistics, the specialization of international freight transportation is becoming more and more detailed. In particular, with the vigorous development of container transport and international multimodal transport, the importance and role of the NVOCC system is becoming increasingly prominent. On January 1, 2002, the regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport came into effect. The system of non-ship carrier is established in our country. Since the implementation of the International Maritime regulations more than seven years ago, the business of non-ship carriers in our country has entered a period of rapid and standardized development, and the contingent of non-ship carriers has been continuously developing and expanding. The problems such as confusion of roles and unclear legal responsibilities of international freight forwarders have been basically solved when they are engaged in two different types of business: agent and carrier. However, a new system needs a process from production, development to maturity. In the process of its implementation, there are inevitable differences in understanding and institutional imperfections, which need to be constantly improved in development and mature in research. Based on the maritime law of the people's Republic of China, the regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport, the 1984 Shipping Law of the United States and the Shipping Reform Law of 1998, this paper draws lessons from relevant international practices. Through the comparison of the relevant legal issues to carry out research. The full text consists of four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the evolution of the system of non-ship carrier. On the basis of summarizing the historical origin and development of NVOCC, this paper introduces the American NVOCC system and its emergence and development in China. However, the emergence of NVOCC, as an independent maritime subject, is the result of the development of shipping globalization, rather than a simple continuation of American law. The second chapter first discusses the scope of business and the main business process of NVOCC, and then analyzes the dual identity of NVOCC on the basis of comparing the differences and similarities between the relevant laws and regulations of China and the United States in defining the legal status of NVOCC. The legal status of NVOCC is clarified, and the identity characteristics of NVOCC in different legal relations and its relationship with international freight service operators are analyzed from the point of view of NVOCC as carrier and shipper respectively. Relations between international multimodal transport operators, etc. The third chapter mainly introduces the management system of American non-ship shipping business and the management system of China's non-ship shipping business established on the basis of reference and transplantation of the relevant American system. At the same time, some opinions are put forward in view of the existing problems. In the fourth chapter, the author discusses the typical problems in the practice of non-ship shipping. This paper focuses on the analysis of the goods lien of NVOCC, the limitation of NVOCC's maritime liability and the liability insurance system. This article mainly uses the comparative analysis method, unifies the domestic and foreign law, the international convention to the non-ship carrier's related stipulation, to the non-ship carrier's definition, the characteristic, the legal status and the supervisory system, In order to improve the legal system of NVOCC in China, this paper makes a thorough and detailed discussion on the related problems in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.294

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 查軍;無船承運(yùn)人監(jiān)管問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

本文編號：2374670