海上保險(xiǎn)中告知義務(wù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-18 09:39
【摘要】：海上保險(xiǎn)合同是最大誠(chéng)信合同，要求保險(xiǎn)合同雙方當(dāng)事人本著最大誠(chéng)信原則履行自己的義務(wù)。告知義務(wù)是最大誠(chéng)信原則下被保險(xiǎn)人(投保人)所負(fù)的主要義務(wù)，也是海上保險(xiǎn)合同成立的基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)有被保險(xiǎn)人的告知，保險(xiǎn)人將無(wú)法獲知與判斷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)的所有重要情況，或者需要花費(fèi)高昂的成本才能獲知此類信息。因此，各國(guó)和地區(qū)的海上保險(xiǎn)立法一般都將告知義務(wù)作為一項(xiàng)法定義務(wù)加以規(guī)定。我國(guó)《海商法》第222條和223條也規(guī)定了被保險(xiǎn)人的告知義務(wù)。雖然我國(guó)的海上保險(xiǎn)立法參考了其他國(guó)家的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)立法關(guān)于告知義務(wù)的規(guī)定，仍然不夠完善。例如，告知義務(wù)的主體是否僅限于《海商法》明確規(guī)定的被保險(xiǎn)人；如何判斷某一情況是否具有重要性；將被保險(xiǎn)人無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)的未告知視為對(duì)告知義務(wù)的違反是否合理；保險(xiǎn)人在被保險(xiǎn)人故意違反告知義務(wù)的情況下選擇不解除合同，是否有權(quán)要求被保險(xiǎn)人相應(yīng)增加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)……這些疑問(wèn)都需要理論上的深入分析以求得解決，從而為海上保險(xiǎn)立法的完善提供參考，并指導(dǎo)解決實(shí)踐中可能出現(xiàn)的爭(zhēng)議和糾紛。 告知義務(wù)有廣義和狹義之分。本文基于狹義的告知義務(wù)，對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人(投保人)的告知義務(wù)略作探討。除引言與結(jié)束語(yǔ)以外，正文分為三章： 第一章：告知義務(wù)概述。本章首先界定了告知與告知義務(wù)的含義；然后分析了告知義務(wù)的法律性質(zhì)；最后考察了關(guān)于告知義務(wù)理論基礎(chǔ)的五種的觀點(diǎn)，并提出了自己的看法，認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的五種觀點(diǎn)并不能構(gòu)成告知義務(wù)的理論基礎(chǔ)，告知義務(wù)的理論基礎(chǔ)是效率與公平原則。 第二章：告知義務(wù)的履行。本章立足于《海商法》的現(xiàn)實(shí)規(guī)定，著眼于《海商法》未來(lái)的修改，考察和借鑒其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)關(guān)于海上保險(xiǎn)中告知義務(wù)的立法、判例和學(xué)說(shuō)，從告知義務(wù)的履行主體、告知義務(wù)的履行時(shí)間、告知義務(wù)的履行方式、告知義務(wù)的履行范圍以及不需告知的情況五個(gè)層面對(duì)告知義務(wù)的履行進(jìn)行了分析；重點(diǎn)考察和分析了告知義務(wù)的履行范圍，并提出了相關(guān)的立法建議。 第三章：違反告知義務(wù)的法律后果。本章首先考察了關(guān)于違反告知義務(wù)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兩種立法模式，，并對(duì)我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)；然后考察了傳統(tǒng)保險(xiǎn)法和現(xiàn)代保險(xiǎn)法對(duì)違反告知義務(wù)的法律后果的不同處理，肯定了現(xiàn)代保險(xiǎn)法引入因果關(guān)系和比例原則的意義，并對(duì)我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定提出了修改建議。
[Abstract]:Marine insurance contract is the greatest good faith contract, which requires both parties to carry out their obligations in the principle of maximum good faith. The obligation of informing is the main obligation of the insured under the principle of maximum good faith, and is also the foundation of the establishment of the marine insurance contract. Without notification from the insured, the insurer will not be able to obtain all the material information related to the risk assessment, or will require a high cost in order to obtain such information. Therefore, the national and regional marine insurance legislation generally regards the obligation of notification as a statutory obligation. Articles 222 and 223 of China's Maritime Law also provide for the insured's obligation to inform. Although the marine insurance legislation of our country refers to some experiences of other countries, the provisions of our marine insurance legislation on the obligation to inform are still not perfect. For example, whether the subject of the obligation of notification is limited to the insured specified in the Maritime Code, how to judge whether a certain situation is of importance or not, whether it is reasonable to regard the non-disclosure of the insured as a breach of the obligation of notification; If the insurer chooses not to terminate the contract when the insured intentionally violates the obligation of informing, it has the right to ask the insured to increase the insurance premium accordingly. These questions need to be analyzed in theory in order to provide reference for the perfection of marine insurance legislation and to guide the settlement of disputes and disputes that may arise in practice. The obligation to inform is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Based on the narrow sense of the obligation to inform, this paper makes a brief discussion on the obligation of informing the insured. In addition to the introduction and concluding remarks, the text is divided into three chapters: chapter one: an overview of the obligation to inform. This chapter first defines the meaning of notification and the obligation of notification, and then analyzes the legal nature of the obligation of notification. In the end, five views on the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure are examined, and their own views are put forward. The traditional five views can not constitute the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure, and the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure is the principle of efficiency and fairness. Chapter two: the fulfillment of the obligation of informing. This chapter is based on the practical provisions of the Maritime Law, focuses on the future revision of the Maritime Law, examines and draws lessons from the legislation, jurisprudence and doctrine of other countries and regions on the obligation to inform in marine insurance, and from the subject of the performance of the obligation of notification, The paper analyzes the performance of the obligation of notification from five aspects: the time of the performance of the obligation of notification, the way of the performance of the obligation of notification, the scope of the performance of the obligation of notification and the situation of not informing. Focus on the inspection and analysis of the scope of the obligation to inform, and put forward relevant legislative recommendations. Chapter III: the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification. In this chapter, we first investigate the two legislative models of the standard of breach of the obligation of notification, and evaluate the relevant provisions of the legislation of marine insurance in China. Then, the author investigates the different treatment of the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification between the traditional insurance law and the modern insurance law, and affirms the significance of introducing the principle of causality and proportionality into the modern insurance law. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward to amend the relevant provisions of marine insurance legislation of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.284
本文編號(hào)：2339679
[Abstract]:Marine insurance contract is the greatest good faith contract, which requires both parties to carry out their obligations in the principle of maximum good faith. The obligation of informing is the main obligation of the insured under the principle of maximum good faith, and is also the foundation of the establishment of the marine insurance contract. Without notification from the insured, the insurer will not be able to obtain all the material information related to the risk assessment, or will require a high cost in order to obtain such information. Therefore, the national and regional marine insurance legislation generally regards the obligation of notification as a statutory obligation. Articles 222 and 223 of China's Maritime Law also provide for the insured's obligation to inform. Although the marine insurance legislation of our country refers to some experiences of other countries, the provisions of our marine insurance legislation on the obligation to inform are still not perfect. For example, whether the subject of the obligation of notification is limited to the insured specified in the Maritime Code, how to judge whether a certain situation is of importance or not, whether it is reasonable to regard the non-disclosure of the insured as a breach of the obligation of notification; If the insurer chooses not to terminate the contract when the insured intentionally violates the obligation of informing, it has the right to ask the insured to increase the insurance premium accordingly. These questions need to be analyzed in theory in order to provide reference for the perfection of marine insurance legislation and to guide the settlement of disputes and disputes that may arise in practice. The obligation to inform is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Based on the narrow sense of the obligation to inform, this paper makes a brief discussion on the obligation of informing the insured. In addition to the introduction and concluding remarks, the text is divided into three chapters: chapter one: an overview of the obligation to inform. This chapter first defines the meaning of notification and the obligation of notification, and then analyzes the legal nature of the obligation of notification. In the end, five views on the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure are examined, and their own views are put forward. The traditional five views can not constitute the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure, and the theoretical basis of the obligation of disclosure is the principle of efficiency and fairness. Chapter two: the fulfillment of the obligation of informing. This chapter is based on the practical provisions of the Maritime Law, focuses on the future revision of the Maritime Law, examines and draws lessons from the legislation, jurisprudence and doctrine of other countries and regions on the obligation to inform in marine insurance, and from the subject of the performance of the obligation of notification, The paper analyzes the performance of the obligation of notification from five aspects: the time of the performance of the obligation of notification, the way of the performance of the obligation of notification, the scope of the performance of the obligation of notification and the situation of not informing. Focus on the inspection and analysis of the scope of the obligation to inform, and put forward relevant legislative recommendations. Chapter III: the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification. In this chapter, we first investigate the two legislative models of the standard of breach of the obligation of notification, and evaluate the relevant provisions of the legislation of marine insurance in China. Then, the author investigates the different treatment of the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of notification between the traditional insurance law and the modern insurance law, and affirms the significance of introducing the principle of causality and proportionality into the modern insurance law. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward to amend the relevant provisions of marine insurance legislation of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.284
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 李正;海上保險(xiǎn)法最大誠(chéng)信原則變革研究——談我國(guó)相關(guān)法律制度完善[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年
2 陳麗云;從最大誠(chéng)信原則的變化看海上保險(xiǎn)法的價(jià)值取向[D];大連海事大學(xué);2009年
本文編號(hào)：2339679
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