【摘要】：我國(guó)《海商法》對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)、船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)和船舶留置權(quán)等船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)作出了實(shí)體法規(guī)定,但是對(duì)于船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)程序沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的程序性規(guī)定。因此,一直以來(lái),船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)都是依附于主債權(quán)通過(guò)訴訟程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。2013年1月1日生效的《民事訴訟法》新增“實(shí)現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)案件”一節(jié),明確了擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)采取非訟方式的程序,并且,根據(jù)《民事訴訟法》的規(guī)定,擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的非訟程序的實(shí)體法依據(jù)是《物權(quán)法》等法律規(guī)定,因此《海商法》關(guān)于船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)同樣可以適用該程序。以往海事實(shí)踐中,由于船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要通過(guò)法院扣押船舶的方式行使。因此,船舶抵押權(quán)和船舶留置權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)受到船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的影響,一般也是通過(guò)法院扣押船舶的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)。擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序?yàn)榇皳?dān)保物權(quán)的獨(dú)立實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了可能,在一定程度上可以減弱船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)對(duì)船舶留置權(quán)和船舶抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的影響。擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序在民事訴訟中處于初期,還沒(méi)有積累豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),而且船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)與一般擔(dān)保物權(quán)有很大的不同,一般擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的程序規(guī)則也不能完全套用。因此,研究船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的相關(guān)問(wèn)題,可以使得《民事訴訟法》.的規(guī)定能在海商領(lǐng)域有效運(yùn)用,更好地發(fā)揮船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的擔(dān)保功能。 本文主要以我國(guó)的《海商法》、《物權(quán)法》、《海事訴訟特別程序法》、《民事訴訟法》等為依據(jù),結(jié)合訴訟程序的相關(guān)法理,從法律的整體上研究船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)程序,試圖對(duì)船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序有一個(gè)體系化的認(rèn)識(shí)。本文分為四部分,第一部分界定了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的概念,指出船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序?yàn)榉窃A程序,并且分析了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的特殊性。第二部分探討了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的管轄法院確定,主要探討了地域管轄中確定管轄法院的考量因素,船舶扣押程序?qū)τ诖_定管轄法院的影響,并指出在發(fā)生管轄權(quán)沖突的情況下,申請(qǐng)人約定的管轄法院與船舶扣押地的法院具有優(yōu)先管轄權(quán)。第三部分分析了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的適格申請(qǐng)人,一類(lèi)是《海商法》直接規(guī)定的船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)人；第二類(lèi)是根據(jù)《物權(quán)法》及《海商法》中相關(guān)規(guī)定,其他有權(quán)申請(qǐng)實(shí)現(xiàn)船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)的人,主要對(duì)其他船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)人、其他船舶留置權(quán)人和船舶留置權(quán)人進(jìn)行了討論。第四部分概括分析了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的一些程序規(guī)則,主要分析了船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)啟動(dòng)程序的實(shí)現(xiàn)條件、申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)提交的材料、法院的審查標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以及船舶擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)程序與其他相關(guān)程序的銜接及轉(zhuǎn)化等。
[Abstract]:The maritime law of our country provides for the real rights of ship security, such as ship mortgage, ship lien and ship lien, but there are no corresponding procedural provisions for the realization procedure of ship security right. Therefore, the realization of security interest in ships has always been dependent on the realization of the principal creditor's rights through the proceedings. The Civil procedure Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2013, has added the section "case of realizing Security interest". It is clear that the procedure for the realization of security real right is non-litigation, and, according to the provisions of the Civil procedure Law, the substantive law basis of the non-litigation procedure for the realization of security real right is the legal provisions such as the property Law, etc. Therefore, the maritime law on the realization of security interests in ships can also be applied to this procedure. In the past maritime practice, because of the realization of maritime lien, it is necessary to use the court to arrest the ship. Therefore, the realization of ship mortgage and ship lien is affected by the maritime lien, which is generally realized by the arrest of the ship by the court. The realization procedure of security interest provides the possibility for the independent realization of ship security right, and to some extent can weaken the influence of maritime lien on the realization of ship lien and ship mortgage. The procedure for the realization of security interest is in the initial stage of civil litigation, but it has not accumulated rich practical experience. Moreover, there is a great difference between the real right of ship security and that of general security right, and the procedural rules for the realization of general security right can not be completely applied. Therefore, the study of the procedures for the realization of ship security interests can make the Civil procedure Law. The regulations can be used effectively in the field of maritime business, and play a better role in the guarantee function of ship security interest. Based on the maritime law, the real right law, the special procedure law of maritime litigation and the civil procedure law of our country, combined with the relevant legal principles of the litigation procedure, this paper studies the realization procedure of the real right of the ship security from the whole legal point of view. This paper tries to have a systematic understanding of the realization procedure of ship security right. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part defines the concept of the realization procedure of ship security right, points out that the realization procedure of ship security interest is a non-litigation procedure, and analyzes the particularity of the realization procedure of ship security right. The second part discusses the determination of the court of jurisdiction in the process of realizing the real right of ship security, mainly discusses the consideration factors of determining the court of jurisdiction in the territorial jurisdiction, and the influence of the procedure of arrest of the ship on the determination of the court of jurisdiction. It is also pointed out that in the case of conflicts of jurisdiction, the court of jurisdiction agreed upon by the applicant and the court of the place where the ship is arrested have priority jurisdiction. The third part analyzes the suitable applicants for the process of realizing the real right of ship security, one is the person in charge of the ship security directly stipulated in Maritime Law, the other is according to the relevant provisions of the Real right Law and the Maritime Law. Other persons who have the right to apply for the realization of security interest in ships mainly discuss other maritime liens, other lien holders and shipowners. The fourth part analyzes some procedural rules of the realization procedure of ship security right, mainly analyzes the realization conditions of the ship security interest starting procedure, the material to be submitted by the applicant, and the examination standard of the court. And the realization procedure of ship security right and other related procedures, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.294

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