【摘要】：沉船沉物打撈清除課題長久以來一直未受到國內法學界的重視。究其原因，一是在國際上，無論是國際公約還是各國國內法，都沒有一部完整的法律調整沉船沉物打撈清除關系；二是在國內，由于二十世紀八十年代前，沉船沉物事故一直沒有造成嚴重的后果，故不為各位學者所關注。但近年來，隨著船舶體積的增大及船載危險貨物的增多，船舶沉沒后給航行安全和環(huán)境保護帶來的危害越來越大，而且為了打撈清除沉船沉物所需的費用也日益增加，如何解決這些新問題已成為海事立法者的主要任務之一。 本文是在筆者對我國主要的海事主管機關進行調研，收集了大量第一手資料的基礎上寫作而成。筆者通過調研，將現(xiàn)今沉船沉物打撈清除中存在的問題歸納如下：沉船沉物打撈清除的責任主體及他們之間的責任順序、責任限制；沉船沉物打撈清除中各方當事人的法律關系；沉船沉物打撈清除費用的性質；沉船沉物打撈清除費用的受償位次以及沉船沉物打撈清除費用實現(xiàn)的保障。對于這幾個問題國內海商法學界尚無定論，有的問題在司法實踐中甚至有截然相反的判決。為了解決以上問題，筆者首先比較分析了國際公約及各國國內法，，從中找到可資借鑒之處，再從我國現(xiàn)有的法律規(guī)定入手，探求以上問題在我國法律環(huán)境下的解決方案，繼而進一步探討該解決方案的利弊，然后闡明為了更好地解決以上問題，是否需要對我國法律環(huán)境中的相應方面進行修改。 通過本文的論述，筆者認為沉船沉物打撈清除中關系復雜、問題繁多，同時我國在有關沉船沉物打撈清除方面的立法還很不完善，許多問題亟待解決。我國在為沉船沉物打撈清除進行立法時，應多注重對實際問題的解決，同時多關注國際動態(tài)，在某些方面努力做到與國際步調保持一致，以妥善地處理現(xiàn)在沉船沉物打撈清除實踐中存在的各種問題。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the problem of salvage and removal of sunken objects has not been paid much attention by the domestic legal circles. The reason for this is that there is no comprehensive law in the international community, whether in international conventions or in the domestic laws of various countries, to regulate the salvage and removal of sunken ships and sunken objects. Second, at home, before the 1980s, Shipwreck accident has not caused serious consequences, so it is not concerned by scholars. However, in recent years, with the increase of the volume of ships and the increase of dangerous goods carried by ships, the safety of navigation and environmental protection are more and more harmful after the sinking of ships, and the cost of removing sunken objects is also increasing day by day in order to salvage and remove sunken objects. How to solve these new problems has become one of the main tasks of maritime legislators. This paper is based on the author's investigation of the main maritime authorities in China and the collection of a large number of first-hand information. Through investigation and investigation, the author summarizes the existing problems in the salvage removal of sunken ship and object as follows: the main body of responsibility for salvage removal of sunken ship and the order and limitation of liability between them; The legal relationship of the parties involved in the salvage removal of sunken objects, the nature of the cost of salvage removal of sunken objects, the rank of compensation for the cost of salvage removal of sunken objects and the guarantee of the realization of the cost of salvage removal of sunken objects. There is no final conclusion on these issues in domestic maritime law circles, and some problems even have opposite judgments in judicial practice. In order to solve the above problems, the author first compares and analyzes the international conventions and the domestic laws of various countries, and finds out the reference points, and then, starting with the existing legal provisions of our country, explores the solutions to the above problems under the legal environment of our country. Then the advantages and disadvantages of the solution are further discussed, and then it is clarified that in order to solve the above problems better, it is necessary to modify the corresponding aspects of the legal environment of our country. Based on the discussion of this paper, the author thinks that the relationship between salvage and removal of sunken objects is complicated and the problems are various. At the same time, the legislation on salvage and removal of sunken objects in our country is not perfect, and many problems need to be solved urgently. When our country legislates for the salvage and removal of sunken objects, it should pay more attention to the solution of practical problems, at the same time pay more attention to international developments, and strive to keep in line with the international pace in some aspects. In order to properly deal with the existing problems in the practice of salvage and removal of sunken objects.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D996.19

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本文編號：2183977