【摘要】： 國際保理是在國際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來的一種集貿(mào)易融資、商業(yè)資信調(diào)查、銷售分戶賬管理、應(yīng)收賬款催收、壞賬擔(dān)保等內(nèi)容為一體的綜合性金融業(yè)務(wù)品種。隨著國際貿(mào)易中買方市場的形成和賒銷(O/A)、承兌交單(D/A)、網(wǎng)上交易(B2B)等新的交易方式的出現(xiàn),國際保理的應(yīng)用范圍日益廣泛。僅就結(jié)算方式而言,據(jù)聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易發(fā)展中心統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在發(fā)達(dá)國家的國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中,國際保理的應(yīng)用量早已超越信用證、托收等傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易結(jié)算方式,并呈逐年上升趨勢。與此形成鮮明對比的是,我國國際保理業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展目前仍處于探索起步階段,據(jù)FCI統(tǒng)計,2005年我國國際保理業(yè)務(wù)總量為16.8億歐元,不僅無法與歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,即使在亞洲也只排在第三位,業(yè)務(wù)量僅為香港地區(qū)的1/2,不足臺灣地區(qū)的1/7。這種狀況與我國國際貿(mào)易大國的地位是極不相襯的,與國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展潮流也是相背的。究其原因,其中既有國內(nèi)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)不健全、保理法律環(huán)境不完善的因素,也有相關(guān)理論研究相對薄弱,專業(yè)人才缺乏的因素,還有受我國國際貿(mào)易傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣影響,貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)界熱衷于傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)算方式,對新興的國際保理業(yè)務(wù)了解不全面、認(rèn)識不夠深入等觀念方面的影響。 基于上述認(rèn)識,本文從廓清國際保理的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)入手,從民商法的角度,對國際保理的基本概念、特點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢、操作流程、法律性質(zhì)等進(jìn)行逐一辨析界定,對國際保理的主體及其相互間法律關(guān)系、應(yīng)收賬款轉(zhuǎn)讓與相關(guān)權(quán)利的沖突、國際保理中的主要風(fēng)險進(jìn)行分析,提出解決對策,同時運(yùn)用比較的方法,對國際保理的主要國際、國內(nèi)法律源淵及主要國家的國際保理法律機(jī)制進(jìn)行歸納介紹,在此基礎(chǔ)上,立足于我國國內(nèi)法律環(huán)境,就我國國際保理業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、制約因素作深入分析判斷,并以完善保理立法為重點(diǎn),對我國國際保理業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展對策提出建議。
[Abstract]:International factoring is a kind of comprehensive financial business which is produced and developed in the practice of international trade such as trade financing, commercial credit investigation, sales sub-account management, collection of accounts receivable, guarantee of bad debts and so on. With the formation of buyer's market in international trade and the emergence of new trading methods, such as O / A, D / A and B2B, the application of international factoring is becoming more and more extensive. As far as settlement methods are concerned, according to the statistics of the United Nations Trade Development Centre, in the international trade settlement of developed countries, the application of international factoring has long exceeded the traditional trade settlement methods such as letters of credit, collection, etc. And the trend is rising year by year. By contrast, the development of China's international factoring business is still in the initial stage of exploration. According to FCI statistics, the total amount of China's international factoring business in 2005 was 1.68 billion euros, which is not only unable to compare with the developed countries in Europe and the United States. Even in Asia, it ranks third, with only a quarter of the volume of business in Hong Kong, less than a quarter of a percent in Taiwan. This situation is incompatible with the status of our country as a major international trading country and the development trend of international trade. The reasons include the imperfect domestic laws and regulations, the imperfect legal environment of factoring, the relatively weak theoretical research, the lack of professional personnel, and the influence of the traditional customs of China's international trade. The trade practice is keen on the traditional settlement method, and its influence on the new international factoring business is not comprehensive and the understanding is not deep enough. Based on the above understanding, this paper begins with the historical development of international factoring, and from the angle of civil and commercial law, analyzes and defines the basic concept, characteristic advantages, operation flow and legal nature of international factoring one by one. This paper analyzes the subjects of international factoring and their mutual legal relations, the conflict between the transfer of accounts receivable and related rights, and the main risks in international factoring, and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems. At the same time, by using the method of comparison, the author analyzes the main international factors of international factoring. The domestic legal source and the international factoring legal mechanism of the main countries are summarized and introduced. On this basis, based on the domestic legal environment of our country, the author makes an in-depth analysis and judgment on the current development situation and restrictive factors of the international factoring business in China. With the emphasis on perfecting factoring legislation, suggestions on the development of China's international factoring business are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D996

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