【摘要】： 近年間,我國船舶工業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,年造船產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)新高,在國際造船領(lǐng)域占據(jù)重要地位�，F(xiàn)代造船業(yè)是資本、技術(shù)高度集中的行業(yè),在船舶建造過程中資金問題一直以來都是造船方的一大困擾。以建造中船舶設(shè)立抵押,不轉(zhuǎn)移船舶占有的同時融得資金的做法成為目前國際造船融資的流行趨勢。但在我國,適用于該領(lǐng)域的國內(nèi)法律制度并不完善,《海商法》僅在第14條確認(rèn)了建造中船舶可以設(shè)定船舶抵押權(quán),新頒布的《物權(quán)法》也只是在第180條規(guī)定正在建造的船舶可以設(shè)立抵押,并在188條規(guī)定了此種抵押采登記對抗主義,缺乏具體的細(xì)化規(guī)定,《中華人民共和國船舶登記條例》在船舶所有權(quán)登記一章中簡單提到“建造中船舶申請所有權(quán)登記需提供船舶建造合同”,《擔(dān)保法》對于建造中船舶抵押的規(guī)定幾近空白。2006、2007、2008年,江蘇、山東、遼寧、江西等地作為試點試行的《建造中船舶抵押融資辦法》,還不具備調(diào)整全國范圍建造中船舶抵押融資的法律效力,建造中船舶的抵押融資因缺乏完備的法律支持而裹步不前。如是,建造中船舶的抵押融資問題成為近年來海商法領(lǐng)域研究的重點議題,亦有不少學(xué)者悉心研究并著述,本文在吸收借鑒前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀,對建造中船舶的抵押權(quán)相關(guān)法律問題進(jìn)行深入研究。本文分成四個章節(jié),就幾個重要的問題進(jìn)行一定的探討和研究。 第一部分,主要是對建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的概述。分析建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的含義,將《物權(quán)法》中對浮動抵押的規(guī)定引入建造中船舶抵押融資,得出建造中船舶之上設(shè)立抵押在學(xué)理和法律上的合理性。對比船舶抵押權(quán)深入研究建造中船舶抵押權(quán)自身的特點,更加合理、科學(xué)的認(rèn)識建造中船舶抵押權(quán)。 第二部分,主要研究建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的主體、客體,重點對比分析國際上有關(guān)于起始時間界定的三種學(xué)說,“龍骨安放說”、“第一塊鋼板切割說”、“證明文件說”,結(jié)合民法理論和我國的現(xiàn)實需要,指出《船舶登記條例》及《試行辦法》中采用“龍骨安放說”并不合理,采用“第一塊鋼板切割說”更具說服力。對船舶建造合同分析定性,討論國際流行學(xué)說之加工承攬合同說,買賣合同說和混合合同說的利弊,結(jié)合我國實踐中做法,得出分階段界定合同性質(zhì)最為合理。并在此基礎(chǔ)上明確建造中船舶的所有權(quán)歸屬,即有權(quán)就建造中船舶設(shè)立抵押的適格抵押人。 第三部分,主要探討建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的設(shè)立及登記問題。在具備前述適格主體、客體的前提下,分析研究建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的設(shè)立時間,并提出筆者建議。比較各國法與我國《船舶登記條例》、《試行辦法》中關(guān)于建造中船舶抵押權(quán)登記的法律規(guī)定,最后就登記條件、需提供的文件、登記事項等具體操作性問題提出筆者建議。 第四部分,主要圍繞建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的實現(xiàn)展開討論,深入剖析建造中船舶抵押權(quán)的效力,闡述傳統(tǒng)抵押權(quán)實現(xiàn)方式適用于在建船舶時的不合理,為最大程度的保障抵押權(quán)人的利益,提出在建造中船舶抵押融資領(lǐng)域引入讓與擔(dān)保的設(shè)想,力求船舶建造得以完成,以完整的船舶價值保障抵押權(quán)的實現(xiàn)。 本文對建造中船舶抵押權(quán)涉及的重點問題進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,希望能對建造中船舶抵押融資專項立法有所建議,為我國船舶工業(yè)的發(fā)展獻(xiàn)上綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:In the recent years, China's shipbuilding industry has developed rapidly, the annual shipbuilding output has been innovating and high, and it occupies an important position in the field of international shipbuilding. The modern shipbuilding industry is an industry with high concentration of capital and technology. In the process of shipbuilding, the problem of capital has always been a major problem for the shipbuilders. The practice of financing funds has become a popular trend in international shipbuilding financing. But in our country, the domestic legal system applicable to this field is not perfect. "Maritime law" only confirms that the ship can set the ship mortgage in the fourteenth article. The newly issued "property law" can also be set up in the 180th provisions of the ship being built. In the 188 article, the 188 article stipulates the registration antagonism of this kind of mortgage, and lacks specific provisions. "The regulations of the ship registration of the ship" simply mentioned in the chapter of the registration of ship ownership that the "ship construction contract for the application of ownership in the construction of ships in the construction should be provided by the ship construction contract". In white.200620072008, Jiangsu, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangxi and other places were tested as a pilot trial of mortgage financing in the construction of ships, and they did not have the legal effect to adjust the mortgage financing of ships throughout the country. The mortgage financing in the construction of ships was not in advance because of the lack of complete legal support. For example, mortgage financing in the construction of ships. The problem has become a key issue in the field of maritime law research in recent years, and many scholars have been careful to study and write. In this paper, on the basis of absorbing the achievements of previous studies and combining with the current situation of the industry, this paper makes a thorough study of the legal issues related to the mortgage of ships in the construction. This article is divided into four chapters, and some important issues are carried out. Discussion and research.
The first part is an overview of the mortgage right in the construction of the ship, the analysis of the meaning of the ship mortgage in the construction, the introduction of the provisions of the floating mortgage in the property law into the mortgage financing in the construction, and the rationality of the doctrine and the law on the establishment of the mortgage on the ships in the construction. The characteristics of the right to mortgage are more reasonable and scientifically understand the mortgage of ships in construction.
The second part mainly studies the subject and object of the ship mortgage in the construction, the object, and the emphasis on the comparison and analysis of the three theories on the definition of the starting time. "The dragon bone put on", "the first piece of steel plate cutting", "the proof of the document", and the theory of civil law and the actual needs of our country, point out the regulations of ship registration and the method of trial. It is not reasonable to adopt the "dragon bone placement theory", and it is more persuasive to adopt the "first piece of steel plate cutting theory". The analysis and qualitative analysis of the shipbuilding contract of the ship, the discussion of the contract theory of international popular theory, the advantages and disadvantages of the sale contract and the mixed contract theory, combined with the practice in our country, draw a stage to define the most reasonable nature of the contract. On this basis, the ownership of the ship under construction is clearly defined, that is, the right mortgagee to set up a mortgage on the ship under construction.
The third part mainly discusses the establishment and registration of ship mortgage in construction. On the premise of having the former subject and object, the author analyzes and studies the time of setting up the mortgage of ships in the construction, and puts forward the author's suggestions. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions on the specific conditions of registration, such as registration conditions, documents to be provided, registration items, and so on.
The fourth part mainly focuses on the discussion of the realization of the mortgage of the ship in the construction, deeply analyzes the effectiveness of the ship mortgage in the construction, and expounds that the traditional way of mortgage realization is not reasonable when it is built in the construction of the ship, and to ensure the interests of the mortgages to the maximum extent, and puts forward the introduction of the transfer guarantee in the field of mortgage financing in the construction of the ship. We want to strive for the completion of shipbuilding and guarantee the realization of mortgage with the value of the whole ship.
This paper makes a systematic research on the key issues involved in the mortgage of the ship in the construction, and hopes to make some suggestions on the special legislation of the ship mortgage financing in the construction, and give a little effort to the development of the shipbuilding industry in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D923

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉安寧;;試論在建船舶抵押權(quán)實現(xiàn)的新方式[J];大連海事大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2012年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉安寧;船舶抵押權(quán)立法的比較研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李璇;建造中船舶抵押權(quán)相關(guān)法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號：2156373