【摘要】：不利解釋原則作為解釋海上保險(xiǎn)條款的特殊原則,能夠有效的矯正海上保險(xiǎn)合同中雙方當(dāng)事人的利益失衡,保護(hù)處于弱勢(shì)地位的被保險(xiǎn)人。因?yàn)槲覈?guó)海上保險(xiǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展起步較晚,所以對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中的不利解釋原則的理論研究存在不足。在司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)了對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)條款運(yùn)用不利解釋原則的誤理解和誤操作,這都違背了該原則的設(shè)立初衷。因此,在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中進(jìn)行不利解釋原則的深入研究是非常必要的。這一研究將有助于在深化不利解釋原則理論研究的同時(shí),正確發(fā)揮其在海上保險(xiǎn)條款解釋方面的價(jià)值與功能。 本文主要采用法理分析和案例分析的方法對(duì)這一問(wèn)題展開(kāi)論述。論文由四個(gè)部分組成。 第一部分主要論述在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中不利解釋原則的基礎(chǔ)理論。該部分從不利解釋原則的歷史沿革、涵義和不利解釋原則在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中適用的法理基礎(chǔ)這三個(gè)方面論述。在該部分中詳細(xì)介紹了海上保險(xiǎn)格式條款和“通常合理解釋的”的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 第二部分主要介紹和分析了各國(guó)不利解釋原則在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中適用的立法和實(shí)務(wù)情況。立法方面,國(guó)內(nèi)外有一個(gè)共同的現(xiàn)象：雖然在海上保險(xiǎn)的立法領(lǐng)域中沒(méi)有不利解釋原則的法律規(guī)定,但是在民商法中都規(guī)定了不利解釋原則;在實(shí)務(wù)方面,國(guó)內(nèi)外出現(xiàn)了很明顯的差異：雖然在國(guó)外海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中幾乎沒(méi)有適用不利解釋原則,但是在國(guó)內(nèi)不利解釋原則的適用十分普遍,甚至有濫用的趨勢(shì)。 第三部分主要討論了保賠保險(xiǎn)和經(jīng)保監(jiān)會(huì)審查和批準(zhǔn)的海上保險(xiǎn)條款適用不利解釋原則的爭(zhēng)議。 第四部分結(jié)合我國(guó)的司法實(shí)踐,借鑒國(guó)外海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中不利解釋原則的實(shí)務(wù)操作,提出在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域中適用不利解釋原則的建議。
[Abstract]:As a special principle for interpreting marine insurance clauses, the unfavorable interpretation principle can effectively correct the imbalance of the interests of both parties in marine insurance contracts and protect the insured who are in a weak position. Due to the late development of marine insurance in China, there is a shortage of theoretical research on the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance. In judicial practice, misunderstandings and misoperation of the unfavorable interpretation principle of marine insurance clauses appear, which are contrary to the original intention of the establishment of this principle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. This study will be helpful to deepen the theoretical study of the unfavorable interpretation principle and give full play to its value and function in the interpretation of marine insurance clauses. This paper mainly uses the method of jurisprudence analysis and case analysis to discuss this problem. The thesis consists of four parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic theory of unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. This part discusses the history, meaning and legal basis of unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. The second part mainly introduces and analyzes the legislation and practice of the application of the principle of adverse interpretation in the field of marine insurance. In the aspect of legislation, there is a common phenomenon at home and abroad: although there is no legal provision on the principle of adverse interpretation in the legislative field of marine insurance, the principle of adverse interpretation is stipulated in the civil and commercial law. There are obvious differences at home and abroad: although there is almost no application of unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance abroad, the application of adverse interpretation principle in China is very common and even tends to be abused. The third part mainly discusses the dispute about the application of the unfavorable interpretation principle in the insurance and the marine insurance clauses examined and approved by the CIRC. The fourth part combines the judicial practice of our country and draws lessons from the practical operation of the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance in foreign countries and puts forward the suggestion of applying the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.284

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