本文選題：晚清 + 對外貿(mào)易�。� 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭之后,是中國社會發(fā)生巨變的時期。晚清對外貿(mào)易法律制度的演變,從宏觀上看,制度框架由條約體系下形成的對外貿(mào)易法律制度替代了傳統(tǒng)的朝貢貿(mào)易制度。從微觀上看,海關(guān)制度、貿(mào)易金融制度、運輸保險制度、買辦制度,以及糾紛解決機制的變化構(gòu)成了晚清對外貿(mào)易法律制度演變的基礎(chǔ)。本文運用宏觀與微觀相結(jié)合,史料與理論相呼應(yīng),多學(xué)科知識相交融的方法,對晚清對外貿(mào)易制度的演變進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的考察并加以透視,以此加深對中國近代法律轉(zhuǎn)型的認(rèn)識。 本文包括緒論、正文五章、余論三部分。 緒論主要說明研究對象與范圍、選題宗旨與意義、學(xué)術(shù)史綜述以及研究方法。 正文第一章重點闡述晚清中國對外貿(mào)易制度由朝貢貿(mào)易制度到盛世之中的公行制度再到喪失主權(quán)下的條約體系,揭示晚清對外貿(mào)易法律制度中強者法律占先,弱者屈從強者的演變過程。 正文第二章闡述作為對外貿(mào)易法律制度中的重要組成部分——海關(guān)制度。近代海關(guān)制度形成于舊有的制度之上,常關(guān)、洋關(guān)的長期并存說明了這一點,在社會變遷中優(yōu)勢、進(jìn)步的力量戰(zhàn)勝弱勢、落后的制度。這既反映了雙方博弈的結(jié)果,同時,體現(xiàn)中國內(nèi)在文化的擇優(yōu)選擇取向。 正文第三章闡述對外貿(mào)易的其他方面法律制度,包括貿(mào)易金融的法律制度、運輸保險法律制度以及買辦制度的變遷。這些具體法律制度的從無到有,從不成熟到逐步成熟,從拿來主義到移植本土的成長過程,促使了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)觀念和法律規(guī)章日趨成熟,為后來的商法制定打下了基礎(chǔ)。 正文第四章闡述在對外貿(mào)易糾紛解決機制的演變中政府與民間的解決模式、以及各利益主體的博弈與妥協(xié)。從官方角度看條約體系所形成的糾紛解決模式是表面的平等而實質(zhì)的不平等;從民間具體運作上看,仲裁制度的運用起到了對抗外來經(jīng)濟(jì)入侵的自救作用。在這過程中,中國近代司法制度受到了西方制度的沖擊。 正文第五章從結(jié)構(gòu)間(法律、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系)與結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)(對外貿(mào)易法律制度同中國經(jīng)濟(jì)法律傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)系)透視在中西方不同的法律文化背景下,晚清對外貿(mào)易制度的特點與實質(zhì),以及折射出的中華文明的內(nèi)核。 余論部分總結(jié)晚清對外貿(mào)易法律制度演變的原則及其對現(xiàn)今的借鑒作用,在全球化的今天中國如何提高自身實力來實現(xiàn)平等貿(mào)易,使得貿(mào)易法律制度趨向貿(mào)易雙方的共贏,最終在本土的基礎(chǔ)上良性地移植外來規(guī)則。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, it was the period of great changes in the Chinese society. The evolution of the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty, from the macroscopic view, the institutional framework of foreign trade formed under the treaty system replaced the traditional tribute trade system. From the micro point of view, the customs system, trade financial system, transportation insurance system, comprador system, The change of dispute settlement mechanism constitute the basis of the evolution of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty legal system. This paper uses the combination of macro and micro, historical and theoretical echoes, melt intersection method of multi subject knowledge, the evolution of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty to make a systematic investigation and perspective, in order to deepen understanding of the transformation of modern legal Chinese.
This article includes the introduction, the five chapter of the text, and the three part.
The introduction mainly describes the object and scope of the study, the purpose and significance of the selection, academic history and research methods.
The first chapter of the text focuses on the treaties system of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty from the tributary trade system to the prosperous world and then to the loss of sovereignty. It reveals that the law of the strong in the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty is predominant, and the weak will succumb to the evolution of the strong.
The second chapter of the text expounds the customs system, which is an important part of the legal system of foreign trade. The modern customs system is formed on the old system, and it is often closed. The long-term coexistence of the foreign customs shows this point. In the social change, the advantages of the society and the strength of progress overcome the weakness and the backward system. This reflects both the results of the game and the same result. It reflects the preferred orientation of China's internal culture.
The third chapter of the text expounds the legal system of other aspects of foreign trade, including the legal system of trade finance, the legal system of transportation insurance and the change of the comprador system. The regulations become more mature, laying the foundation for the later formulation of commercial law.
The fourth chapter of the text expounds the solution mode of the government and the folk in the evolution of the settlement mechanism of foreign trade disputes, as well as the game and compromise of the various stakeholders. From the official point of view, the dispute settlement pattern formed by the treaty system is the surface equality and the substantive inequality; from the perspective of the folk operation, the application of the arbitration system has played an important role. In the process, China's modern judicial system has been impacted by the western system.
The fifth chapter from the inter structure (legal, political, economic relations) and the structure (the relationship between the legal system of foreign trade law and the Chinese economic and legal tradition), the characteristics and essence of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty and the core of the Chinese civilization in the late Qing Dynasty under the different legal cultural background of China and the West.
The other part summarizes the principles of the evolution of the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty and its reference to the present. In today's globalized China, how to improve its own strength to achieve equal trade, make the trade legal system win the win-win of both sides of the trade, and ultimately transplant foreign rules well on the basis of the local.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;D922.295

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