本文選題：海難救助 + 不當(dāng)行為�。� 參考：《上海海事大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：海難救助是海商法中的一項(xiàng)古老和獨(dú)特的法律制度，它給予了救助人在救助成功后請求救助報(bào)酬的權(quán)利。勤勉的救助人經(jīng)過努力成功救助后，會(huì)得到豐厚的救助報(bào)酬。但在救助過程中，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)救助人存在不當(dāng)行為的情形，這些不當(dāng)行為對整個(gè)救助過程及最后的救助成效都會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響，并且會(huì)導(dǎo)致救助報(bào)酬的喪失或減少。有關(guān)救助的法律為了鼓勵(lì)救助，一般都只著重規(guī)定救助人獲得救助報(bào)酬的權(quán)利，雖有涉及救助人在救助過程中應(yīng)負(fù)有的義務(wù)，但對救助人違反救助義務(wù)應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，救助人不當(dāng)行為對救助報(bào)酬產(chǎn)生的影響等方面，法律的規(guī)定卻不夠完備。而在因救助人過失導(dǎo)致的損害賠償責(zé)任的問題上，法律未做出任何規(guī)定。隨著海上船舶和其他財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值的大大提高，如何懲戒不當(dāng)行為，怎樣把對不當(dāng)行為的否定性評價(jià)體現(xiàn)在救助報(bào)酬上等問題日益引人關(guān)注。 雖然不當(dāng)行為只是確定救助報(bào)酬所考慮的因素之一，但在實(shí)踐中絕大部分海難救助訴訟案件都源于救助報(bào)酬的爭議，而在這些案件中常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)救助人的不當(dāng)行為，因此探討救助人的不當(dāng)行為對海難救助報(bào)酬的影響，深入研究在此種情況下應(yīng)如何確定救助報(bào)酬，平衡雙方之間的利益不僅具有非常大的實(shí)踐意義，而且對推動(dòng)海難救助相關(guān)法律制度的完善和發(fā)展具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 救助報(bào)酬的確定是海難救助領(lǐng)域的核心問題，救助人的這種在救助報(bào)酬方面的特殊權(quán)利構(gòu)成了海難救助法律制度的基礎(chǔ)。而目前國內(nèi)外對“不當(dāng)行為對救助報(bào)酬的影響”的研究極少，更無系統(tǒng)化的論點(diǎn)，并且在許多案例中法律的觀點(diǎn)并不一致，因此對該問題的研究將有助于完善海難救助制度。鑒于此，本文將結(jié)合國內(nèi)外相關(guān)法律法規(guī)以及國際公約的規(guī)定，剖析在海難救助實(shí)踐中救助人存在不當(dāng)行為時(shí)，決定救助報(bào)酬方面存在的一些矛盾和難點(diǎn)問題，并針對這些問題提出建議和主張，以期對建立和完善我國的海難救助法律制度能有所裨益。本文分為四個(gè)部分，共七章進(jìn)行論述。 第一部分提出了本文的基本概念和問題，它包括文章的第一、二章。該部分簡要介紹了海難救助制度的歷史沿革及救助人不當(dāng)行為的概念和相關(guān)法律規(guī)定，，并且指出了現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定的不完善之處。 第二部分包括文章的第三章和第四章，是本文的重點(diǎn)之一。第三章分析并歸納了救助人不當(dāng)行為導(dǎo)致救助報(bào)酬喪失的情形，并且討論了不當(dāng)行為與救助報(bào)酬扣減額之間的關(guān)系。第四章介紹了救助人在救助過程中的注意義務(wù)以及舉證責(zé)任的分配問題，詳細(xì)闡述了公共政策對救助的鼓勵(lì)和對救助中不當(dāng)行為的寬容態(tài)度。 第三部分是文章的第五、六兩章，也是本文詳細(xì)論述的重點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容涉及救助人的賠償責(zé)任，法律觀點(diǎn)的發(fā)展，確定救助報(bào)酬的方法以及救助人的責(zé)任限制問題。筆者通過對一系列案例的研究，歸納出救助人賠償責(zé)任問題上法律觀點(diǎn)的發(fā)展過程。還分
[Abstract]:Salvage is an ancient and unique legal system in maritime law. It gives the right to help the salvor after the successful rescue. After a successful rescue, the diligent rescuer will receive a generous salvage reward. But in the course of the salvage, there will be a situation of improper behavior of the rescuers. In order to have a great influence on the whole rescue process and the result of the last rescue, it will lead to the loss or reduction of the salvage reward. In order to encourage the rescue, the law concerned generally only emphasizes the rights of the rescuer to obtain the salvage reward, although it has the obligations to the rescuer in the course of the salvage, but against the rescuer. The legal provisions are not complete in the aspects of the responsibility to be undertaken by the counter aid obligations, the effect of the undue conduct of the salvor on the remuneration of the salvor, and the legal provisions are not complete. The law has not made any provision on the issue of damages caused by the negligence of the salvor. The problem of how to evaluate the negative evaluation of misconduct in the reward of remuneration has attracted more and more attention.
Although misconduct is only one of the factors to be considered in determining the remuneration of salvage, most of the cases of salvage litigation originate from the dispute of salvage remuneration, and in these cases they often find the wrongdoing of the salvor. Therefore, the influence of the salvor's misconduct on the salvage reward is discussed, and this kind of situation is deeply studied. How to determine the reward and balance the interests between the two sides not only has great practical significance, but also has a profound influence on the improvement and development of the legal system of salvage and salvage.
The determination of salvage remuneration is the core issue in the field of salvage. The special rights of the salvor are the basis of the legal system of salvage. At present, there are few studies on the influence of "misconduct on salvage reward" at home and abroad, and there is no systematic argument, and the legal viewpoint in many cases. Therefore, the study of this problem will help to improve the system of salvage. In view of this, this paper will analyze some of the contradictions and difficulties in the salvage reward in the practice of salvage in the salvage practice in the practice of salvage in the sea, and aim at these questions in view of the relevant laws and regulations at home and abroad as well as the provisions of international conventions. Suggestions and suggestions are put forward in order to benefit the establishment and improvement of China's maritime salvage legal system. This article is divided into four parts, including seven chapters.
The first part puts forward the basic concepts and problems of this article, which includes the first, second chapter of the article. This part briefly introduces the historical evolution of the salvage system and the concept and relevant legal provisions of the unsuitable behavior of the salvor, and points out the imperfections of the existing legal provisions.
The second part includes the third and fourth chapters of the article, which is one of the key points of this article. The third chapter analyzes and sums up the situation that the salvor's misconduct leads to the loss of the salvage reward, and discusses the relationship between the misconduct and the deductions of the salvage remuneration. The fourth chapter introduces the duty of attention and the burden of proof in the rescue process. The issue of allocation of responsibilities explains in detail the encouragement of public policies for relief and the tolerance of misconduct in rescue.
The third part is the fifth and 62 chapter of the article, which is also the focus of this article. The content involves the compensation liability of the salvor, the development of the legal viewpoint, the method of determining the compensation reward and the limitation of the responsibility of the rescuer. Process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 齊亮亮;海難救助報(bào)酬分配問題研究[D];安徽大學(xué);2011年

2 黃勇兵;海難救助人賠償責(zé)任限制研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2008年

3 談敏;海難救助人侵權(quán)損害賠償責(zé)任研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

4 李巍;我國海難救助報(bào)酬內(nèi)部分配制度研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

5 楊凡;海難救助人財(cái)產(chǎn)損害賠償責(zé)任研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

本文編號：2034552