發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-05 05:27

  本文選題：貨規(guī) + 實(shí)際承運(yùn)人�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸規(guī)則》(以下簡稱"《貨規(guī)》")是我國國內(nèi)水路運(yùn)輸雙方當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)歸責(zé)的主要依據(jù),它對(duì)國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸合同的訂立以及國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸合同當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)作出了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定。但2016年5月30日,《貨規(guī)》被明文廢止。本文從《貨規(guī)》的歷史作用以及廢止前的適用方式著手,論證《貨規(guī)》廢止后會(huì)給國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸行業(yè)所帶來的不便。進(jìn)而以假設(shè)性的方式提出了一些建議,試圖填補(bǔ)過渡時(shí)期的法律空白,盡可能減少合同糾紛。第一部分分析了《貨規(guī)》從制定到廢止的過程。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期,為了促進(jìn)水運(yùn)行業(yè)的發(fā)展制定了《貨規(guī)》。隨后,為滿足相應(yīng)時(shí)代背景下的法律需要,對(duì)《貨規(guī)》進(jìn)行了四次修改。盡管在《貨規(guī)》施行的四十余年間,為我國的水路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)做出了卓越的歷史貢獻(xiàn)。但是直到《立法法》的頒布,才漸漸理順了《貨規(guī)》的法律地位,同時(shí)也對(duì)《貨規(guī)》的合法性產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑,最終導(dǎo)致了《貨規(guī)》的廢止。第二部分主要通過分析《貨規(guī)》廢止后的影響,提出了《貨規(guī)》廢止后的法律適用。《合同法》、《民法通則》和《水路貨物運(yùn)輸合同實(shí)施細(xì)則》可以替代《貨規(guī)》解決相關(guān)的法律問題。事實(shí)上,《貨規(guī)》未被廢止之前,《合同法》也是作為第一順位的法律來解決國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)暮贤m紛問題。但是,《合同法》關(guān)于水路運(yùn)輸部分的規(guī)定遠(yuǎn)不及《貨規(guī)》詳細(xì)和精準(zhǔn),從而導(dǎo)致超出《合同法》規(guī)定范圍時(shí),無法確認(rèn)相關(guān)當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。第三部分針對(duì)《貨規(guī)》被廢止后產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際承運(yùn)人問題、收貨人法律地位問題和時(shí)效問題,進(jìn)行了深入分析�！逗贤ā分胁o實(shí)際承運(yùn)人之概念,使得《貨規(guī)》廢止之后必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致在法律實(shí)踐中相關(guān)當(dāng)事人權(quán)利和義務(wù)的變化�！逗贤ā分幸矡o收貨人法律地位的規(guī)定,這必將導(dǎo)致收貨人在權(quán)利和義務(wù)上的規(guī)定不明,不利于當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益的保護(hù)。由于《民法通則》中有關(guān)訴訟時(shí)效的規(guī)定與《貨規(guī)》中相應(yīng)規(guī)定不同,如果按照《民法通則》中有關(guān)訴訟時(shí)效的規(guī)定,其時(shí)效時(shí)間較長,不利于證據(jù)的采集和保存。通過對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn),《貨規(guī)》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定才更符合行業(yè)特點(diǎn)下水路貨物運(yùn)輸市場的有序發(fā)展。第四部分主要根據(jù)當(dāng)今國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域的行業(yè)特殊性給出相關(guān)建議,出臺(tái)司法解釋,速度可能最快。按照《最高人民法院關(guān)于司法解釋工作的規(guī)定》,由最高人民法院結(jié)合海事以及水運(yùn)司法實(shí)踐,盡快出臺(tái)有關(guān)國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸相關(guān)問題的司法解釋,使得司法審判有依據(jù)可循。與此同時(shí),建議在時(shí)機(jī)與各方面條件都成熟的情況下,在國務(wù)院層面出臺(tái)國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)姆ㄒ?guī)并在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候?qū)Α逗Ｉ谭ā愤M(jìn)行修訂。為推動(dòng)和形成我國完善而成熟的國內(nèi)水路貨物運(yùn)輸法律體系發(fā)揮積極的影響。
[Abstract]:The rules of domestic Waterway Freight Transport (hereinafter referred to as "cargo regulations") are the main basis for the rights and obligations of the parties involved in domestic waterway transportation in China. It makes a detailed stipulation on the conclusion of domestic waterway freight transport contract and the rights and obligations of the parties to the domestic waterway freight transport contract. On May 30, 2016, however, the Regulation was expressly repealed. This paper starts with the historical function of the "cargo Code" and the applicable way before its abolition, and proves the inconvenience caused by the abolition of the "goods Code" to the domestic waterway freight transport industry. Then some suggestions are put forward in a hypothetical way, trying to fill in the gap of law in the transitional period and reduce the contract disputes as much as possible. The first part analyzes the process from formulation to repeal. Planned economy period, in order to promote the development of water transport industry formulated the "cargo regulations". Subsequently, in order to meet the legal needs in the context of the corresponding era, the cargo Code was amended four times. Although more than forty years after the implementation of the Regulation, it has made outstanding historical contributions to the waterway transport industry in China. However, it was not until the enactment of the legislation Law that the legal status of the goods Regulation was gradually straightened out. At the same time, the legality of the goods Regulation was questioned, which eventually led to the abolition of the goods Regulation. The second part mainly through the analysis of the impact after the abolition of the "cargo Code", It is pointed out that the application of the law after the abolition of the goods regulations. The contract Law, the General principles of Civil Law and the detailed rules for the implementation of the contract for the Carriage of goods by Waterway can replace the regulations to solve the related legal problems. As a matter of fact, the contract Law was also the first law to solve the contract dispute of domestic waterway freight transportation before it was repealed. However, the provisions of the contract Law on waterway transport are far less detailed and precise than those of the cargo Code, which leads to the inability to confirm the rights and obligations of the parties concerned when they are beyond the scope of the contract Law. The third part analyzes the actual carrier problem, the legal status of consignee and the limitation problem. There is no concept of actual carrier in contract Law. This will inevitably lead to the change of the rights and obligations of the parties concerned in legal practice. There is no legal status of the consignee in the contract Law, which will inevitably lead to unclear provisions on the rights and obligations of the consignee. Not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. Because the provisions of limitation of action in General principles of Civil Law are different from the corresponding provisions in General rules of Civil Law, if according to the provisions on limitation of action in General principles of Civil Law, the limitation period is longer, which is not conducive to the collection and preservation of evidence. Through comparison and analysis, it is found that the relevant provisions in the "cargo Code" are more in line with the orderly development of the waterway freight transport market under the characteristics of the trade. The fourth part mainly according to the domestic waterway freight transportation profession particularity to give the related suggestion, the introduction judicial explanation, the speed may be fastest. In accordance with the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on Judicial interpretation, the Supreme people's Court shall, in conjunction with maritime and waterborne judicial practice, issue as soon as possible the judicial interpretation of domestic waterway freight transport related issues, so that the judicial trial can be based on. At the same time, it is suggested that when the time and conditions are ripe, the State Council should issue the domestic regulations on waterway freight transportation and amend the Maritime Law at an appropriate time. In order to promote and form China's perfect and mature domestic waterway freight transport legal system play a positive role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.296

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